【发布时间】:2016-05-14 15:26:45
【问题描述】:
我非常期待 PostgreSQL 9.5 的新功能,并且很快将升级我们的数据库。但是当我发现时我很惊讶
SELECT col1, col2, count(*), grouping(col1,col2)
FROM table1
GROUP BY CUBE(col1, col2)
对我们数据集的查询实际上比等效数据的查询持续时间总和慢得多(约 3 秒)(所有 4 个查询总共约 1 秒,每个查询 100-300 毫秒)。 col1 和 col2 都有索引。
这是预期的吗(这意味着该功能现在更多的是关于兼容性而不是性能)?或者它可以以某种方式进行调整?
以下是真空生产台的示例:
> explain analyze select service_name, state, res_id, count(*) from bookings group by rollup(service_name, state, res_id);
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GroupAggregate (cost=43069.12..45216.05 rows=4161 width=24) (actual time=1027.341..1120.675 rows=428 loops=1)
Group Key: service_name, state, res_id
Group Key: service_name, state
Group Key: service_name
Group Key: ()
-> Sort (cost=43069.12..43490.18 rows=168426 width=24) (actual time=1027.301..1070.321 rows=168426 loops=1)
Sort Key: service_name, state, res_id
Sort Method: external merge Disk: 5728kB
-> Seq Scan on bookings (cost=0.00..28448.26 rows=168426 width=24) (actual time=0.079..147.619 rows=168426 loops=1)
Planning time: 0.118 ms
Execution time: 1122.557 ms
(11 rows)
> explain analyze select service_name, state, res_id, count(*) from bookings group by service_name, state, res_id
UNION ALL select service_name, state, NULL, count(*) from bookings group by service_name, state
UNION ALL select service_name, NULL, NULL, count(*) from bookings group by service_name
UNION ALL select NULL, NULL, NULL, count(*) from bookings;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Append (cost=30132.52..118086.91 rows=4161 width=32) (actual time=208.986..706.347 rows=428 loops=1)
-> HashAggregate (cost=30132.52..30172.12 rows=3960 width=24) (actual time=208.986..209.078 rows=305 loops=1)
Group Key: bookings.service_name, bookings.state, bookings.res_id
-> Seq Scan on bookings (cost=0.00..28448.26 rows=168426 width=24) (actual time=0.022..97.637 rows=168426 loops=1)
-> HashAggregate (cost=29711.45..29713.25 rows=180 width=20) (actual time=195.851..195.879 rows=96 loops=1)
Group Key: bookings_1.service_name, bookings_1.state
-> Seq Scan on bookings bookings_1 (cost=0.00..28448.26 rows=168426 width=20) (actual time=0.029..95.588 rows=168426 loops=1)
-> HashAggregate (cost=29290.39..29290.59 rows=20 width=11) (actual time=181.955..181.960 rows=26 loops=1)
Group Key: bookings_2.service_name
-> Seq Scan on bookings bookings_2 (cost=0.00..28448.26 rows=168426 width=11) (actual time=0.030..97.047 rows=168426 loops=1)
-> Aggregate (cost=28869.32..28869.33 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=119.332..119.332 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Seq Scan on bookings bookings_3 (cost=0.00..28448.26 rows=168426 width=0) (actual time=0.039..93.508 rows=168426 loops=1)
Planning time: 0.373 ms
Execution time: 706.558 ms
(14 rows)
总时间差不多,但后者使用四次扫描,不应该更慢吗? 使用 rollup() 时“磁盘上的外部合并”很奇怪,我将 work_mem 设置为 16M。
【问题讨论】:
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使用
explain (analyze, verbose)向我们展示执行计划 -
添加了一个例子。相同列上的 CUBE() 会产生更大的差异
-
排序(外部合并排序)占用大部分时间,对吧? 1027+ 毫秒,还是我看错了?
-
在postgresql.org/message-id/… 中,我看到“这是次优的。当 SELECT * FROM X GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ... 时,其中 X 是一些连接数据,然后您在每个分组集上重复 JOIN。所以你的解决方案实施起来很简单,但它应该真的很慢。” - 不确定你是否有加入...
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@Nona 当我偶然发现一个问题时,我有它们,但在试图查明问题时我放弃了它们。看起来它仍然不是最理想的。
标签: sql postgresql postgresql-performance rollup grouping-sets