使用MSSQL2005，如果先截断子表（外键关系的主键的表），是否可以截断带外键约束的表？
我知道我也可以
DELETE，然后使用 RESEED 标识（或）我认为只要我在父表之前截断子表，我就可以不执行上述任何一个选项，但是我收到了这个错误：
无法截断表“TableName”，因为它被 FOREIGN KEY 约束引用。
【问题讨论】：
标签： sql-server sql-server-2005 tsql truncate foreign-keys
DELETE FROM TABLENAME
DBCC CHECKIDENT ('DATABASENAME.dbo.TABLENAME', RESEED, 0)
请注意，如果您有数百万条以上的记录，这可能不是您想要的，因为它非常慢。
【讨论】：
正确；您不能截断具有 FK 约束的表。
通常我的流程是：
（当然，一切都在交易中。）
当然，这仅适用于 孩子已经被截断的情况。 否则我会走不同的路线，完全取决于我的数据是什么样的。 （这里的变量太多了。）
原发帖人确定了为什么会这样；有关详细信息，请参阅this answer。
【讨论】：
因为TRUNCATE TABLE 是DDL command，它无法检查表中的记录是否被子表中的记录引用。
这就是为什么DELETE 有效而TRUNCATE TABLE 无效的原因：因为数据库能够确保它没有被其他记录引用。
【讨论】：
没有ALTER TABLE
-- Delete all records
DELETE FROM [TableName]
-- Set current ID to "1"
-- If table already contains data, use "0"
-- If table is empty and never insert data, use "1"
-- Use SP https://github.com/reduardo7/TableTruncate
DBCC CHECKIDENT ([TableName], RESEED, 0)
https://github.com/reduardo7/TableTruncate
请注意，如果您有数百万条以上的记录，这可能不是您想要的，因为它非常慢。
【讨论】：
上面提供的@denver_citizen 解决方案对我不起作用，但我喜欢它的精神，所以我修改了一些东西：
为了公众的利益，这里是更新的脚本：
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[truncate_non_empty_table]
@TableToTruncate VARCHAR(64)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
-- GLOBAL VARIABLES
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)
DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)
-- 1 = Will not execute statements
SET @Debug = 0
-- 0 = Will not create or truncate storage table
-- 1 = Will create or truncate storage table
SET @Recycle = 0
-- 1 = Will print a message on every step
set @Verbose = 1
SET @i = 1
SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'
-- Drop Temporary tables
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#FKs') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #FKs
-- GET FKs
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
clm1.name as ColumnName,
OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
INTO #FKs
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
JOIN sys.columns clm1
ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id
AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
JOIN sys.columns clm2
ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id
AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
--WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = @TableToTruncate
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)
-- Prepare Storage Table
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Creating Process Specific Tables...'
-- CREATE STORAGE TABLE IF IT DOES NOT EXISTS
CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
(
ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Truncating Process Specific Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLE IF IT ALREADY EXISTS
TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
END
ELSE
PRINT '1. Process specific table will be recycled from previous execution...'
END
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '2. Backing up Foreign Key Definitions...'
-- Fetch and persist FKs
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName)
INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Backing up [' + @ConstraintName + '] from [' + @TableName + ']'
END
END
ELSE
PRINT '2. Backup up was recycled from previous execution...'
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '3. Dropping Foreign Keys...'
-- DROP FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Dropping [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '4. Truncating Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLES
-- SzP: commented out as the tables to be truncated might also contain tables that has foreign keys
-- to resolve this the stored procedure should be called recursively, but I dont have the time to do it...
/*
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > ' + @Statement
END
*/
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
ELSE
EXEC('TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']')
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '5. Re-creating Foreign Keys...'
-- CREATE FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Re-creating [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '6. Process Completed'
END
【讨论】：
在使用 delete 语句删除该表中的所有行后使用以下命令
delete from tablename
DBCC CHECKIDENT ('tablename', RESEED, 0)
编辑：更正 SQL Server 的语法
【讨论】：
TRUNCATE 避免了日志，并且对于大型表来说比DELETE 快得多。因此，这不是真正的等效解决方案。
好吧，因为我没有找到我使用的非常简单解决方案的示例，即：
这里是：
1) 查找导致失败的外键名称（例如：FK_PROBLEM_REASON，字段为ID，来自表TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT）
2）从表中删除该键：
ALTER TABLE TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT DROP CONSTRAINT FK_PROBLEM_REASON
3) 截断通缉表
TRUNCATE TABLE TABLE_TO_TRUNCATE
4) 将密钥重新添加到第一个表中：
ALTER TABLE TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT ADD CONSTRAINT FK_PROBLEM_REASON FOREIGN KEY(ID) REFERENCES TABLE_TO_TRUNCATE (ID)
就是这样。
【讨论】：
Msg 3728, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 'FK_User_UserTypeID' is not a constraint. Msg 3727, Level 16, State 0, Line 1 Could not drop constraint. See previous errors.
该过程正在删除外键约束并截断表 然后按照以下步骤添加约束。
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
truncate table "yourTableName";
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
【讨论】：
你可以按照这个步骤，
通过reseeding table可以删除表的数据。
delete from table_name
dbcc checkident('table_name',reseed,0)
如果出现一些错误，那么您必须重新设置主表的种子。
【讨论】：
这是我为了自动化这个过程而编写的一个脚本。希望对你有帮助。
SET NOCOUNT ON
-- GLOBAL VARIABLES
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)
DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)
-- 1 = Will not execute statements
SET @Debug = 0
-- 0 = Will not create or truncate storage table
-- 1 = Will create or truncate storage table
SET @Recycle = 0
-- 1 = Will print a message on every step
set @Verbose = 1
SET @i = 1
SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'
-- Drop Temporary tables
DROP TABLE #FKs
-- GET FKs
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
clm1.name as ColumnName,
OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
INTO #FKs
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
JOIN sys.columns clm1
ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id
AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
JOIN sys.columns clm2
ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id
AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)
-- Prepare Storage Table
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Creating Process Specific Tables...'
-- CREATE STORAGE TABLE IF IT DOES NOT EXISTS
CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
(
ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Truncating Process Specific Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLE IF IT ALREADY EXISTS
TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
END
ELSE
PRINT '1. Process specific table will be recycled from previous execution...'
END
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '2. Backing up Foreign Key Definitions...'
-- Fetch and persist FKs
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName)
INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Backing up [' + @ConstraintName + '] from [' + @TableName + ']'
END
END
ELSE
PRINT '2. Backup up was recycled from previous execution...'
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '3. Dropping Foreign Keys...'
-- DROP FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Dropping [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '4. Truncating Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLES
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > ' + @Statement
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '5. Re-creating Foreign Keys...'
-- CREATE FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Re-creating [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '6. Process Completed'
【讨论】：
sys.foreign_keys 表中。 (Reference)
@denver_citizen 和 @Peter Szanto 的答案对我来说不太适用，但我修改了它们以说明：
DECLARE @Debug bit = 0;
-- List of tables to truncate
select
SchemaName, Name
into #tables
from (values
('schema', 'table')
,('schema2', 'table2')
) as X(SchemaName, Name)
BEGIN TRANSACTION TruncateTrans;
with foreignKeys AS (
SELECT
SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id) as SchemaName
,fk.Name as ConstraintName
,OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) as TableName
,SCHEMA_NAME(t.SCHEMA_ID) as ReferencedSchemaName
,OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName
,fc.constraint_column_id
,COL_NAME(fk.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS ColumnName
,COL_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) as ReferencedColumnName
,fk.delete_referential_action_desc
,fk.update_referential_action_desc
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS fk
JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc
ON fk.object_id = fc.constraint_object_id
JOIN #tables tbl
ON OBJECT_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id) = tbl.Name
JOIN sys.tables t on OBJECT_NAME(t.object_id) = tbl.Name
and SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) = tbl.SchemaName
and t.OBJECT_ID = fc.referenced_object_id
)
select
quotename(fk.ConstraintName) AS ConstraintName
,quotename(fk.SchemaName) + '.' + quotename(fk.TableName) AS TableName
,quotename(fk.ReferencedSchemaName) + '.' + quotename(fk.ReferencedTableName) AS ReferencedTableName
,replace(fk.delete_referential_action_desc, '_', ' ') AS DeleteAction
,replace(fk.update_referential_action_desc, '_', ' ') AS UpdateAction
,STUFF((
SELECT ',' + quotename(fk2.ColumnName)
FROM foreignKeys fk2
WHERE fk2.ConstraintName = fk.ConstraintName and fk2.SchemaName = fk.SchemaName
ORDER BY fk2.constraint_column_id
FOR XML PATH('')
),1,1,'') AS ColumnNames
,STUFF((
SELECT ',' + quotename(fk2.ReferencedColumnName)
FROM foreignKeys fk2
WHERE fk2.ConstraintName = fk.ConstraintName and fk2.SchemaName = fk.SchemaName
ORDER BY fk2.constraint_column_id
FOR XML PATH('')
),1,1,'') AS ReferencedColumnNames
into #FKs
from foreignKeys fk
GROUP BY fk.SchemaName, fk.ConstraintName, fk.TableName, fk.ReferencedSchemaName, fk.ReferencedTableName, fk.delete_referential_action_desc, fk.update_referential_action_desc
-- Drop FKs
select
identity(int,1,1) as ID,
'ALTER TABLE ' + fk.TableName + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + fk.ConstraintName AS script
into #scripts
from #FKs fk
-- Truncate
insert into #scripts
select distinct
'TRUNCATE TABLE ' + quotename(tbl.SchemaName) + '.' + quotename(tbl.Name) AS script
from #tables tbl
-- Recreate
insert into #scripts
select
'ALTER TABLE ' + fk.TableName +
' WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT ' + fk.ConstraintName +
' FOREIGN KEY ('+ fk.ColumnNames +')' +
' REFERENCES ' + fk.ReferencedTableName +' ('+ fk.ReferencedColumnNames +')' +
' ON DELETE ' + fk.DeleteAction COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS_KS_WS + ' ON UPDATE ' + fk.UpdateAction COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS_KS_WS AS script
from #FKs fk
DECLARE @script nvarchar(MAX);
DECLARE curScripts CURSOR FOR
select script
from #scripts
order by ID
OPEN curScripts
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH NEXT FROM curScripts INTO @script
IF @@FETCH_STATUS != 0 BREAK;
print @script;
IF @Debug = 0
EXEC (@script);
END
CLOSE curScripts
DEALLOCATE curScripts
drop table #scripts
drop table #FKs
drop table #tables
COMMIT TRANSACTION TruncateTrans;
【讨论】：
如果不删除约束，则无法截断表。禁用也不起作用。你需要放弃一切。我制作了一个脚本，删除所有约束，然后重新创建。
确保将其包装在事务中；）
SET NOCOUNT ON
GO
DECLARE @table TABLE(
RowId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1, 1),
ForeignKeyConstraintName NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintTableName NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName NVARCHAR(200)
)
INSERT INTO @table(ForeignKeyConstraintName, ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema, ForeignKeyConstraintTableName, ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName)
SELECT
U.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
U.TABLE_SCHEMA,
U.TABLE_NAME,
U.COLUMN_NAME
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE U
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS C
ON U.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE
C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintName = UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM
@table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS R
ON T.ForeignKeyConstraintName = R.CONSTRAINT_NAME
UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema = TABLE_SCHEMA,
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName = TABLE_NAME
FROM @table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS C
ON T.PrimaryKeyConstraintName = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName = COLUMN_NAME
FROM @table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE U
ON T.PrimaryKeyConstraintName = U.CONSTRAINT_NAME
--DROP CONSTRAINT:
DECLARE @dynSQL varchar(MAX);
DECLARE cur CURSOR FOR
SELECT
'
ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableName + ']
DROP CONSTRAINT ' + ForeignKeyConstraintName + '
'
FROM
@table
OPEN cur
FETCH cur into @dynSQL
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
exec(@dynSQL)
print @dynSQL
FETCH cur into @dynSQL
END
CLOSE cur
DEALLOCATE cur
---------------------
--HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
--HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
--HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
truncate table your_table
--HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
--HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
--HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
---------------------
--ADD CONSTRAINT:
DECLARE cur2 CURSOR FOR
SELECT
'
ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableName + ']
ADD CONSTRAINT ' + ForeignKeyConstraintName + ' FOREIGN KEY(' + ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName + ') REFERENCES [' + PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName + '](' + PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName + ')
'
FROM
@table
OPEN cur2
FETCH cur2 into @dynSQL
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
exec(@dynSQL)
print @dynSQL
FETCH cur2 into @dynSQL
END
CLOSE cur2
DEALLOCATE cur2
【讨论】：
如果我理解正确，您想要做的是为涉及集成测试的数据库设置一个干净的环境。
我在这里的方法是删除整个架构并稍后重新创建它。
【讨论】：
在网上其他地方找到
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'
-- EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?' -- Uncomment to execute
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'
【讨论】：
truncate 对我不起作用，delete + reseed 是最好的出路。 如果有些人需要迭代大量表来执行删除+重新种子，您可能会遇到一些没有标识列的表的问题，以下代码在尝试之前检查标识列是否存在重新播种
EXEC ('DELETE FROM [schemaName].[tableName]')
IF EXISTS (Select * from sys.identity_columns where object_name(object_id) = 'tableName')
BEGIN
EXEC ('DBCC CHECKIDENT ([schemaName.tableName], RESEED, 0)')
END
【讨论】：
我编写了以下方式并尝试将它们参数化，因此您可以在Query document中运行它们或轻松使用它们制作有用的SP。
如果您的表没有数百万条记录这很好用并且没有任何 Alter 命令：
---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------- Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @DbName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'MyDb' --< Db Name
DECLARE @Schema AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'dbo' --< Schema
DECLARE @TableName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Book' --< Table Name
------------------ /Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
DECLARE @Query AS NVARCHAR(500) = 'Delete FROM ' + @TableName
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query
SET @Query=@DbName+'.'+@Schema+'.'+@TableName
DBCC CHECKIDENT (@Query,RESEED, 0)
- 在我上面的回答中，解决问题中提到的问题的方法是基于@s15199danswer。
如果您的表有数百万条记录，或者您的代码中的 Alter command 没有任何问题，那么请使用这个：
-- Book Student
--
-- | BookId | Field1 | | StudentId | BookId |
-- --------------------- ------------------------
-- | 1 | A | | 2 | 1 |
-- | 2 | B | | 1 | 1 |
-- | 3 | C | | 2 | 3 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------- Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @DbName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'MyDb'
DECLARE @Schema AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'dbo'
DECLARE @TableName_ToTruncate AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Book'
DECLARE @TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Student' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @Ref_ColumnName_In_TableName_ToTruncate AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'BookId' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @FK_ColumnName_In_TableOfOwnerOfConstraint AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Fk_BookId' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @FK_ConstraintName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'FK_Book_Constraint' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
------------------ /Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
DECLARE @Query AS NVARCHAR(2000)
SET @Query= 'ALTER TABLE '+@TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint+' DROP CONSTRAINT '+@FK_ConstraintName
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query
SET @Query= 'Truncate Table '+ @TableName_ToTruncate
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query
SET @Query= 'ALTER TABLE '+@TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint+' ADD CONSTRAINT '+@FK_ConstraintName+' FOREIGN KEY('+@FK_ColumnName_In_TableOfOwnerOfConstraint+') REFERENCES '+@TableName_ToTruncate+'('+@Ref_ColumnName_In_TableName_ToTruncate+')'
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query
【讨论】：
唯一的方法是在截断之前删除外键。并且在截断数据后，您必须重新创建索引。
以下脚本生成删除所有外键约束所需的 SQL。
DECLARE @drop NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
SELECT @drop += N'
ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(cs.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(ct.name)
+ ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(fk.name) + ';'
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS fk
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS ct
ON fk.parent_object_id = ct.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS cs
ON ct.[schema_id] = cs.[schema_id];
SELECT @drop
接下来，以下脚本会生成重新创建外键所需的 SQL。
DECLARE @create NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
SELECT @create += N'
ALTER TABLE '
+ QUOTENAME(cs.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(ct.name)
+ ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(fk.name)
+ ' FOREIGN KEY (' + STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(c.name)
-- get all the columns in the constraint table
FROM sys.columns AS c
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc
ON fkc.parent_column_id = c.column_id
AND fkc.parent_object_id = c.[object_id]
WHERE fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.[object_id]
ORDER BY fkc.constraint_column_id
FOR XML PATH(N''), TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(max)'), 1, 1, N'')
+ ') REFERENCES ' + QUOTENAME(rs.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(rt.name)
+ '(' + STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(c.name)
-- get all the referenced columns
FROM sys.columns AS c
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc
ON fkc.referenced_column_id = c.column_id
AND fkc.referenced_object_id = c.[object_id]
WHERE fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.[object_id]
ORDER BY fkc.constraint_column_id
FOR XML PATH(N''), TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(max)'), 1, 1, N'') + ');'
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS fk
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS rt -- referenced table
ON fk.referenced_object_id = rt.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS rs
ON rt.[schema_id] = rs.[schema_id]
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS ct -- constraint table
ON fk.parent_object_id = ct.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS cs
ON ct.[schema_id] = cs.[schema_id]
WHERE rt.is_ms_shipped = 0 AND ct.is_ms_shipped = 0;
SELECT @create
运行生成的脚本删除所有外键，截断表，然后运行生成的脚本重新创建所有外键。
查询来自here。
【讨论】：
这是我对这个问题的解决方案。我用它来改变PK，但想法相同。希望这会有用）
PRINT 'Script starts'
DECLARE @foreign_key_name varchar(255)
DECLARE @keycnt int
DECLARE @foreign_table varchar(255)
DECLARE @foreign_column_1 varchar(255)
DECLARE @foreign_column_2 varchar(255)
DECLARE @primary_table varchar(255)
DECLARE @primary_column_1 varchar(255)
DECLARE @primary_column_2 varchar(255)
DECLARE @TablN varchar(255)
-->> Type the primary table name
SET @TablN = ''
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
--Here will be created the temporary table with all reference FKs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT 'Creating the temporary table'
select cast(f.name as varchar(255)) as foreign_key_name
, r.keycnt
, cast(c.name as varchar(255)) as foreign_table
, cast(fc.name as varchar(255)) as foreign_column_1
, cast(fc2.name as varchar(255)) as foreign_column_2
, cast(p.name as varchar(255)) as primary_table
, cast(rc.name as varchar(255)) as primary_column_1
, cast(rc2.name as varchar(255)) as primary_column_2
into #ConTab
from sysobjects f
inner join sysobjects c on f.parent_obj = c.id
inner join sysreferences r on f.id = r.constid
inner join sysobjects p on r.rkeyid = p.id
inner join syscolumns rc on r.rkeyid = rc.id and r.rkey1 = rc.colid
inner join syscolumns fc on r.fkeyid = fc.id and r.fkey1 = fc.colid
left join syscolumns rc2 on r.rkeyid = rc2.id and r.rkey2 = rc.colid
left join syscolumns fc2 on r.fkeyid = fc2.id and r.fkey2 = fc.colid
where f.type = 'F' and p.name = @TablN
ORDER BY cast(p.name as varchar(255))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Cursor, below, will drop all reference FKs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @CURSOR CURSOR
/*Fill in cursor*/
PRINT 'Cursor 1 starting. All refernce FK will be droped'
SET @CURSOR = CURSOR SCROLL
FOR
select foreign_key_name
, keycnt
, foreign_table
, foreign_column_1
, foreign_column_2
, primary_table
, primary_column_1
, primary_column_2
from #ConTab
OPEN @CURSOR
FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table, @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2,
@primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
EXEC ('ALTER TABLE ['+@foreign_table+'] DROP CONSTRAINT ['+@foreign_key_name+']')
FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table, @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2,
@primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2
END
CLOSE @CURSOR
PRINT 'Cursor 1 finished work'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Here you should provide the chainging script for the primary table
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT 'Altering primary table begin'
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
PRINT 'Altering finished'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Cursor, below, will add again all reference FKs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT 'Cursor 2 starting. All refernce FK will added'
SET @CURSOR = CURSOR SCROLL
FOR
select foreign_key_name
, keycnt
, foreign_table
, foreign_column_1
, foreign_column_2
, primary_table
, primary_column_1
, primary_column_2
from #ConTab
OPEN @CURSOR
FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table, @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2,
@primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [' +@foreign_table+ '] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [' +@foreign_key_name+ '] FOREIGN KEY(['+@foreign_column_1+'])
REFERENCES [' +@primary_table+'] (['+@primary_column_1+'])')
EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [' +@foreign_table+ '] CHECK CONSTRAINT [' +@foreign_key_name+']')
FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table, @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2,
@primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2
END
CLOSE @CURSOR
PRINT 'Cursor 2 finished work'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT 'Temporary table droping'
drop table #ConTab
PRINT 'Finish'
【讨论】：
对于MS SQL，至少是较新的版本，您可以使用如下代码禁用约束：
ALTER TABLE Orders
NOCHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Orders_dbo.Customers_Customer_Id]
GO
TRUNCATE TABLE Customers
GO
ALTER TABLE Orders
WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Orders_dbo.Customers_Customer_Id]
GO
【讨论】：
即使有 FK 约束，以下内容也适用于我，并结合以下答案仅删除指定的表：
USE [YourDB];
DECLARE @TransactionName varchar(20) = 'stopdropandroll';
BEGIN TRAN @TransactionName;
set xact_abort on; /* automatic rollback https://stackoverflow.com/a/1749788/1037948 */
-- ===== DO WORK // =====
-- dynamic sql placeholder
DECLARE @SQL varchar(300);
-- LOOP: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10031803/1037948
-- list of things to loop
DECLARE @delim char = ';';
DECLARE @foreach varchar(MAX) = 'Table;Names;Separated;By;Delimiter' + @delim + 'AnotherName' + @delim + 'Still Another';
DECLARE @token varchar(MAX);
WHILE len(@foreach) > 0
BEGIN
-- set current loop token
SET @token = left(@foreach, charindex(@delim, @foreach+@delim)-1)
-- ======= DO WORK // ===========
-- dynamic sql (parentheses are required): https://stackoverflow.com/a/989111/1037948
SET @SQL = 'DELETE FROM [' + @token + ']; DBCC CHECKIDENT (''' + @token + ''',RESEED, 0);'; -- https://stackoverflow.com/a/11784890
PRINT @SQL;
EXEC (@SQL);
-- ======= // END WORK ===========
-- continue loop, chopping off token
SET @foreach = stuff(@foreach, 1, charindex(@delim, @foreach+@delim), '')
END
-- ===== // END WORK =====
-- review and commit
SELECT @@TRANCOUNT as TransactionsPerformed, @@ROWCOUNT as LastRowsChanged;
COMMIT TRAN @TransactionName;
注意：
我认为按照您希望它们删除的顺序声明表仍然有帮助（即首先杀死依赖项）。如this answer 中所见，您可以用
替换所有表，而不是循环特定名称EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?; DBCC CHECKIDENT (''?'',RESEED, 0);';
【讨论】：
DELETE 不与TRUNCATE 相同。这将填满您的交易日志。
如果这些答案都不像我的情况那样有效，请执行以下操作：
祝你好运！
【讨论】：
删除然后重置自动增量：
delete from tablename;
然后
ALTER TABLE tablename AUTO_INCREMENT = 1;
【讨论】：
在 SSMS 中，我打开了显示密钥的图表。删除密钥并截断文件后，我刷新然后将注意力重新集中在图表上，并通过清除然后恢复身份框来创建更新。保存图表会弹出一个保存对话框，而不是“在您工作时在数据库中进行了更改”对话框，单击“是”恢复了密钥，从图表中的锁定副本恢复它。
【讨论】：
如果您以任何频率执行此操作，甚至是按计划执行，我会绝对、明确地永远不会使用 DML 语句。 写入事务日志的成本只是把整个数据库设置成SIMPLE恢复模式截断一张表是很可笑的。
不幸的是，最好的方法是艰难或费力的方法。那就是：
我这样做的过程包括以下步骤：
这种性质的脚本应该在 begin tran 和 commit tran 块内完成。
【讨论】：
这是使用实体框架的人的示例
要重置的表：Foo
另一个依赖于的表：Bar
表上的约束列Foo : FooColumn
表上的约束列Bar : BarColumn
public override void Down()
{
DropForeignKey("dbo.Bar", "BarColumn", "dbo.Foo");
Sql("TRUNCATE TABLE Foo");
AddForeignKey("dbo.Bar", "BarColumn", "dbo.Foo", "FooColumn", cascadeDelete: true);
}
【讨论】：
你可以试试DELETE FROM <your table >;。
服务器会显示限制的名称和表，删除该表你可以删除你需要的。
【讨论】：
我刚刚发现，只要您首先禁用 child 表上的约束，就可以在父表上使用 TRUNCATE 表，并在子表上使用外键约束。 例如
子表上的外键CONSTRAINT child_par_ref，引用PARENT_TABLE
ALTER TABLE CHILD_TABLE DISABLE CONSTRAINT child_par_ref;
TRUNCATE TABLE CHILD_TABLE;
TRUNCATE TABLE PARENT_TABLE;
ALTER TABLE CHILD_TABLE ENABLE CONSTRAINT child_par_ref;
【讨论】：
最简单的方法：
1 - 进入 phpmyadmin
2 - 单击左列中的表名
3 - 点击操作（顶部菜单）
4 - 单击“清空表 (TRUNCATE)
5 - 禁用“启用外键检查”框
6 - 完成！
图片教程链接
Tutorial: http://www.imageno.com/wz6gv1wuqajrpic.html
（对不起，我没有足够的声望在这里上传图片：P）
【讨论】：
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
TRUNCATE table1;
TRUNCATE table2;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;
参考 - truncate foreign key constrained table
在 MYSQL 中为我工作
【讨论】：