聚合查询优化MongoDB

Question

用户架构

我一直在构建一个社交媒体应用程序，我必须编写一个返回用户用户的查询。用户的架构如下所示。

const userSchema = Schema(
  {
    email: {
      type: String,
      unique: true,
      required: [true, "Email is required"],
      index: true,
    },
    active: {
      type: Boolean,
      default: true,
    },
    phone: {
      type: String,
      unique: true,
      required: [true, "Phone is required"],
      index: true,
    },
    name: {
      required: true,
      type: String,
      required: [true, "Name is required"],
    },
    bio: {
      type: String,
    },
    is_admin: {
      type: Boolean,
      index: true,
      default: false,
    },
    is_merchant: {
      type: Boolean,
      index: true,
      default: false,
    },
    password: {
      type: String,
      required: [true, "Password is required"],
    },
    profile_picture: {
      type: String,
    },
    followers: [
      // meaning who has followed me
      {
        type: Types.ObjectId,
        ref: "user",
        required: false,
      },
    ],
    followings: [
      // meaning all of them who I followed
      {
        type: Types.ObjectId,
        ref: "user",
        required: false,
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    timestamps: { createdAt: "created_at", updatedAt: "updated_at" },
    toObject: {
      transform: function (doc, user) {
        delete user.password;
      },
    },
    toJSON: {
      transform: function (doc, user) {
        delete user.password;
      },
    },
  }
);

关注/关注实施

我已经使用如下所示的逻辑实现了跟随/跟随。每次用户关注另一个用户。它将执行 2 个查询。一个是使用findOneAndUpdate({push:followee._id}) 更新关注者关注者部分，第二个查询是更新关注者用户部分。

查询响应模式

我编写了一个查询，该查询应该返回响应，并在每个用户上附加以下响应

{
  doesViewerFollowsUser: boolean // implying if person we are viewing profile of follows us 
  doesUserFollowsViewer: boolean // implying if person we are viewing profile of follows us
}

实际查询

查询必须如下所示

userModel
    .aggregate([
      {
        $match: {
          _id: {
            $in: [new Types.ObjectId(userId), new Types.ObjectId(viewerId)],
          },
        },
      },

      {
        $addFields: {
          order: {
            $cond: [
              {
                $eq: ["$_id", new Types.ObjectId(viewerId)], // testing for viewer
              },
              2,
              1,
            ],
          },
        },
      },
      {
        $group: {
          _id: 0,
          subjectFollowings: {
            $first: "$followings",
          },
          viewerFollowings: {
            $last: "$followings",
          },
          viewerFollowers: {
            $last: "$followers",
          },
        },
      },
      {
        $lookup: {
          from: "users",
          localField: "subjectFollowings",
          foreignField: "_id",
          as: "subjectFollowings",
        },
      },
      {
        $project: {
          subjectFollowings: {
            $map: {
              input: "$subjectFollowings",
              as: "user",
              in: {
                $mergeObjects: [
                  "$$user",
                  {
                    doesViewerFollowsUser: {
                      $cond: [
                        {
                          $in: ["$$user._id", "$viewerFollowers"],
                        },
                        true,
                        false,
                      ],
                    },
                  },
                  {
                    doesUserFollowsViewer: {
                      $cond: [
                        {
                          $in: ["$$user._id", "$viewerFollowings"],
                        },
                        true,
                        false,
                      ],
                    },
                  },
                ],
              },
            },
          },
        },
      },
      {
        $project: {
          "subjectFollowings.followings": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.followers": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.bio": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.password": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.is_admin": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.is_merchant": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.email": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.phone": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.created_at": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.updated_at": 0,
          "subjectFollowings.__v": 0,
        },
      },
    ])

问题

我认为当前的查询没有那么大。此查询的最坏情况复杂度达到 0(n^2)（大约）。所以，请帮我优化这个查询。

Answer 1

问题在于您的数据建模。您不应该将关注者/关注者存储在数组中，因为：

1. Mongodb 对每个文档都有 16mb 的硬限制，这意味着您可以将有限的数据存储在单个文档中
2. 数组查找将花费线性时间；数组越大，查询它所需的时间就越长。

你可以做的是有一个这样的用户关系集合：

follower: user id
followee: user id

然后，您可以在 follower-followee 上创建复合索引并有效地查询以检查谁关注了谁。您还可以在此处启用时间戳。 为了获取用户的所有关注者，只需在关注者键上创建一个索引，这也将很快解决