使用 '/' 的 Bash 变量扩展

Question

在 while read line 循环中，我看到了这个变量扩展 ${line/device name:}。我试过用我自己的输入文件运行脚本，它只是打印出这一行。

你能告诉我这个扩展在做什么吗？

Answer 1

变量名是line。 / 用于字符串替换，即“设备名称：”如果存在 anywhere 在 $line 被删除。

> line="a device name: some name"
> echo ${line/device name:}
a  some name

您可能还会看到# 和% 替换，它们代表line 开始和结束中的替换。还要注意这种/ 替换是bash 特有的功能（例如ash 不支持它，% 和# 似乎是可移植的），所以你应该使用#!/bin/bash 而不是#!/bin/sh 作为脚本开头的 hashbang。

Answer 2

它返回 $line 并删除了子字符串 device name:。从 bash 手册页：

${parameter/pattern/string}
       Pattern substitution.  The pattern is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
       pathname  expansion.   Parameter  is expanded and the longest match of pattern
       against its value is replaced with string.  If  pattern  begins  with  /,  all
       matches of pattern are replaced with string.  Normally only the first match is
       replaced.  If pattern begins with #, it must match at  the  beginning  of  the
       expanded  value  of parameter.  If pattern begins with %, it must match at the
       end of the expanded value of parameter.  If string is null, matches of pattern
       are  deleted and the / following pattern may be omitted.  If parameter is @ or
       *, the substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn,
       and  the  expansion  is the resultant list.  If parameter is an array variable
       subscripted with @ or *, the substitution operation is applied to each  member
       of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.