将rails应用程序部署到heroku时出错

Question

我是 rails 和 heroku 的新手 我尝试使用以下代码将我的应用推送到 heroku

    rails new snippets
    cd snippets
    git init
    git add .
    git commit -m "initial commit"
wget -O- https://toolbelt.heroku.com/install-ubuntu.sh | sh
    heroku create
    git push heroku master

但我收到以下错误

 An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.10), and Bundler cannot

    remote:        continue.
    remote:        Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.10'` succeeds before bundling.
    remote:  !
    remote:  !     Failed to install gems via Bundler.
    remote:  !     
    remote:  !     Detected sqlite3 gem which is not supported on Heroku.
    remote:  !     https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3
    remote:  !
    remote: 
    remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app
    remote: 
    remote: Verifying deploy....
    remote: 
    remote: !   Push rejected to powerful-waters-8202.
    remote: 
    To https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git
     ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
    error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git'

我将我的 gemfile 修改为::

group :devlopment, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end

当我运行捆绑安装时 我收到以下错误

Installing pg 0.18.2 with native extensions

Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /home/user/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150705-24664-1i1n8se.rb extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config
You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side application.
You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side application.
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/user/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --enable-windows-cross
    --disable-windows-cross
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/pg-0.18.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/pg-0.18.2/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing pg (0.18.2), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.18.2'` succeeds before bundling.

我尝试使用命令

gem install pg -v '0.18.2'

现在我收到以下错误

ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

这是我的 database.yml 文件

# SQLite version 3.x
#   gem install sqlite3
#
#   Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile
#   gem 'sqlite3'
#
default: &default
  adapter: sqlite3
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000

development:
  <<: *default
  database: db/development.sqlite3

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  <<: *default
  database: db/test.sqlite3

production:
  <<: *default
  database: db/production.sqlite3

还有我的 gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'


# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.2.1'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
#gem 'sqlite3'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do # <<<< :development, not devlopment
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end


##################################################################

group :development, :test do
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug'

  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
  gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'

  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
end

谁能帮我解决这个问题？？

Answer 1

如果您要继续在开发中运行 SQLite，请运行

bundle install --without production

这将阻止 Bundler 尝试安装 pg，但 Heroku 会在您部署时安装 pg，因为它们运行 --without development,test。

如果你想在本地切换到 Postgres，这里有很多关于 StackOverflow 的帮助，我不会在这里重复：

• How to install PostgreSQL's pg gem on Ubuntu?
• Installing PG gem on OS X - failure to build native extension
• ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension on Mavericks
• Can't install pg gem on Windows

Answer 2

正如您提到的 Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS，请尝试以下命令

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

然后

gem install pg -v '0.18.2'

更新：

您还应该将 adapter 更改为 postgresql 以用于生产 在你的database.yml

production:
adapter: postgresql
pool: 5
timeout: 5000

Answer 3

你在这里已经有一些很好的建议，但我会添加我没有提到的内容。

我对您的建议是在开发中使用与生产中相同的数据库，PostgreSQL。这是一个好主意的原因有很多，而您刚刚遇到了一个部署难题。

但是假设您坚持使用不同的数据库类型。你的 gemfile 中的这一行对我来说看起来很奇怪——“不是开发”

# 
# 
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do # <<<< :development, not devlopment
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

我觉得你应该试试

# 
# 
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do 
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

告诉我进展如何。