如何让 Spring RabbitMQ 创建一个新队列？

Question

在我对 rabbit-mq 的（有限）经验中，如果您为尚不存在的队列创建新的侦听器，则会自动创建队列。我正在尝试将 Spring AMQP 项目与 rabbit-mq 一起使用来设置侦听器，但我得到了一个错误。这是我的 xml 配置：

<rabbit:connection-factory id="rabbitConnectionFactory" host="172.16.45.1" username="test" password="password" />

<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory"  >
    <rabbit:listener ref="testQueueListener" queue-names="test" />
</rabbit:listener-container>

<bean id="testQueueListener" class="com.levelsbeyond.rabbit.TestQueueListener"> 
</bean>

我在我的 RabbitMq 日志中得到了这个：

=ERROR REPORT==== 3-May-2013::23:17:24 ===
connection <0.1652.0>, channel 1 - soft error:
{amqp_error,not_found,"no queue 'test' in vhost '/'",'queue.declare'}

还有来自 AMQP 的类似错误：

2013-05-03 23:17:24,059 ERROR [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer] (SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1) - Consumer received fatal exception on startup
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.FatalListenerStartupException: Cannot prepare queue for listener. Either the queue doesn't exist or the broker will not allow us to use it.

从堆栈跟踪看来，队列是在“被动”模式下创建的 - 谁能指出我将如何不使用被动模式创建队列，所以我看不到这个错误？还是我错过了什么？

Answer 1

较旧的线程，但这仍然在 Google 上显示得相当高，所以这里有一些更新的信息：

2015-11-23

从 Spring 4.2.x 开始使用 Spring-Messaging 和 Spring-Amqp 1.4.5.RELEASE 和 Spring-Rabbit 1.4.5.RELEASE，通过@Configuration 类的一些注解，声明交换、队列和绑定变得非常简单：

@EnableRabbit
@Configuration
@PropertySources({
    @PropertySource("classpath:rabbitMq.properties")
})
public class RabbitMqConfig {    
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqConfig.class);

    @Value("${rabbitmq.host}")
    private String host;

    @Value("${rabbitmq.port:5672}")
    private int port;

    @Value("${rabbitmq.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${rabbitmq.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(host, port);
        connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(password);

        logger.info("Creating connection factory with: " + username + "@" + host + ":" + port);

        return connectionFactory;
    }

    /**
     * Required for executing adminstration functions against an AMQP Broker
     */
    @Bean
    public AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin() {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory());
    }

    /**
     * This queue will be declared. This means it will be created if it does not exist. Once declared, you can do something
     * like the following:
     * 
     * @RabbitListener(queues = "#{@myDurableQueue}")
     * @Transactional
     * public void handleMyDurableQueueMessage(CustomDurableDto myMessage) {
     *    // Anything you want! This can also return a non-void which will queue it back in to the queue attached to @RabbitListener
     * }
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue myDurableQueue() {
        // This queue has the following properties:
        // name: my_durable
        // durable: true
        // exclusive: false
        // auto_delete: false
        return new Queue("my_durable", true, false, false);
    }

    /**
     * The following is a complete declaration of an exchange, a queue and a exchange-queue binding
     */
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange emailExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange("email", true, false);
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue inboundEmailQueue() {
        return new Queue("email_inbound", true, false, false);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding inboundEmailExchangeBinding() {
        // Important part is the routing key -- this is just an example
        return BindingBuilder.bind(inboundEmailQueue()).to(emailExchange()).with("from.*");
    }
}

一些可提供帮助的资源和文档：

1. Spring annotations
2. Declaring/configuration RabbitMQ for queue/binding support
3. Direct exchange binding (for when routing key doesn't matter)

注意：看起来我错过了一个版本——从 Spring AMQP 1.5 开始，事情变得更加容易，因为您可以在侦听器处声明完整的绑定！

Answer 2

似乎可以解决我的问题的是添加管理员。这是我的xml：

<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory"  >
    <rabbit:listener ref="orderQueueListener" queues="test.order" />
</rabbit:listener-container>

<rabbit:queue name="test.order"></rabbit:queue>

<rabbit:admin id="amqpAdmin" connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory"/>

<bean id="orderQueueListener" class="com.levelsbeyond.rabbit.OrderQueueListener">   
</bean>

Answer 3

从 Spring Boot 2.1.6 和 Spring AMQP 2.1.7 开始，如果队列不存在，您可以在启动期间创建队列：

@Component
public class QueueConfig {

    private AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;

    public QueueConfig(AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin) {
        this.amqpAdmin = amqpAdmin;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void createQueues() {
        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("queue_one", true));
        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("queue_two", true));
    }
}

Answer 4

你可以在你的连接标签之后，但在监听器之前添加这个吗：

<rabbit:queue name="test" auto-delete="true" durable="false" passive="false" />

不幸的是，根据 XSD 架构，被动属性（上面列出的）无效。但是，在我见过的每个 queue_declare 实现中，passive 都是一个有效的 queue_declare 参数。我很想知道这是否可行，或者他们是否计划在未来支持它。

以下是队列声明选项的完整列表： http://www.rabbitmq.com/amqp-0-9-1-reference.html#class.queue

这里是 spring rabbit 模式的完整 XSD（包括 cmets）： http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd