运行 rspec 时“在任何源中都找不到 pg-0.12.2”

Question

我正在构建 Hartl 的 Rails 教程中的 twitter 克隆应用程序。我克隆了我的 git 存储库 (https://github.com/stewartmccoy/rails_tutorial) 并将代码放到我的个人计算机上，而这之前是在我的工作计算机上。因此，我的开发人员环境可能与我在 Gemfile 中指定的环境略有不同。

我的环境： Mac OS 10.6.8 导轨 3.2.13 ruby 1.9.3p392（2013-02-22 修订版 39386）[x86_64-darwin10.8.0]

* 本地宝石 *

• actionmailer (3.2.13, 3.2.11, 3.2.1)
• 动作包（3.2.13、3.2.11、3.2.1）
• 活动模型（3.2.13、3.2.11、3.2.1）
• 活动记录（3.2.13、3.2.11、3.2.1）
• activeresource (3.2.13, 3.2.11, 3.2.1)
• activesupport（3.2.13、3.2.11、3.2.1）
• 可寻址 (2.3.2)
• 注释 (2.5.0)
• 是 (3.0.2)
• bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1)
• 大十进制 (1.1.0)
• bootstrap-sass (2.1.0.0)
• bootstrap-will_paginate (0.0.6)
• 构建器 (3.0.4)
• 捆绑程序 (1.3.4)
• 水豚 (2.0.2, 1.1.2)
• 子进程（0.3.9、0.3.6）
• 咖啡轨 (3.2.2)
• 咖啡脚本 (2.2.0)
• 咖啡脚本源（1.6.2、1.6.1、1.4.0）
• 黄瓜 (1.2.1)
• 黄瓜导轨 (1.2.1)
• database_cleaner (0.7.0)
• diff-lcs (1.2.1, 1.1.3)
• erubis (2.7.0)
• execjs (1.4.0)
• factory_girl (4.1.0)
• factory_girl_rails (4.1.0)
• 伪造者 (1.0.1)
• ffi (1.4.0, 1.3.1)
• 小黄瓜 (2.11.5)
• 远足 (1.2.1)
• i18n (0.6.1)
• io 控制台 (0.3)
• 旅程 (1.0.4)
• jquery-rails (2.2.1, 2.1.4, 2.0.2)
• json (1.7.7, 1.7.6, 1.7.5, 1.5.5)
• libwebsocket (0.1.7.1)
• 邮件（2.5.3、2.4.4）
• mime 类型 (1.21, 1.19)
• minitest (2.5.1)
• multi_json (1.7.1, 1.5.0)
• nokogiri (1.5.8, 1.5.7, 1.5.6)
• pg (0.14.1)
• 多语言 (0.3.3)
• 机架（1.4.5、1.4.4、1.4.1）
• 机架缓存 (1.2)
• 机架-ssl (1.3.3, 1.3.2)
• 机架测试 (0.6.2)
• 导轨（3.2.13、3.2.1）
• railties (3.2.13, 3.2.11, 3.2.1)
• 耙子 (10.0.3, 0.9.2.2)
• rdoc (3.12.2, 3.12, 3.9.5)
• rspec-core (2.13.1)
• rspec 期望 (2.13.0)
• rspec 模拟 (2.13.0)
• rspec-rails (2.13.0)
• rubygems 捆绑器 (1.1.1)
• rubyzip (0.9.9)
• rvm (1.11.3.6)
• sass (3.2.7, 3.2.4)
• sass-rails (3.2.6, 3.2.5)
• selenium-webdriver (2.31.0, 2.27.2)
• 链轮（2.2.2、2.1.3）
• sqlite3 (1.3.7)
• 雷神 (0.17.0, 0.16.0, 0.14.6)
• 倾斜 (1.3.6, 1.3.3)
• 树顶 (1.4.12)
• tzinfo (0.3.37, 0.3.35)
• 丑化器 (1.3.0)
• websocket (1.0.7, 1.0.6)
• will_paginate (3.0.3)
• xpath (1.0.0, 0.1.4)

我的宝石文件：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '3.2.11'
gem 'bootstrap-sass', '2.1'
gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '3.0.1'
gem 'faker', '1.0.1'
gem 'will_paginate', '3.0.3'
gem 'bootstrap-will_paginate', '0.0.6'
gem 'jquery-rails', '2.0.2'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.5'
  gem 'rspec-rails', '2.11.0'
  # gem 'guard-rspec', '1.2.1'
  # gem 'guard-spork', '1.2.0'  
  # gem 'spork', '0.9.2'
end

group :development do
  gem 'annotate', '2.5.0'
end

# Gems used only for assets and not required
# in production environments by default.
group :assets do
  gem 'sass-rails',   '3.2.5'
  gem 'coffee-rails', '3.2.2'
  gem 'uglifier', '1.2.3'
end

group :test do
  gem 'capybara', '1.1.2'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails', '4.1.0'
  gem 'cucumber-rails', '1.2.1', :require => false
  gem 'database_cleaner', '0.7.0'
  # gem 'launchy', '2.1.0'
  # gem 'rb-fsevent', '0.9.1', :require => false
  # gem 'growl', '1.0.3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.12.2'
end

无论如何，我正在尝试在代码清单 8.18 (http://ruby.railstutorial.org/chapters/sign-in-sign-out#sec-reviewing_form_submission) 之后运行测试：

$ bundle exec rspec spec/models/user_spec.rb

我得到这个错误：

Could not find pg-0.12.2 in any of the sources
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.

所以，我运行 bundle install 并得到这个错误：

Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
Using rake (10.0.3) 
Using i18n (0.6.1) 
Using multi_json (1.5.0) 
Using activesupport (3.2.11) 
Using builder (3.0.4) 
Using activemodel (3.2.11) 
Using erubis (2.7.0) 
Using journey (1.0.4) 
Using rack (1.4.4) 
Using rack-cache (1.2) 
Using rack-test (0.6.2) 
Using hike (1.2.1) 
Using tilt (1.3.3) 
Using sprockets (2.2.2) 
Using actionpack (3.2.11) 
Using mime-types (1.19) 
Using polyglot (0.3.3) 
Using treetop (1.4.12) 
Using mail (2.4.4) 
Using actionmailer (3.2.11) 
Using arel (3.0.2) 
Using tzinfo (0.3.35) 
Using activerecord (3.2.11) 
Using activeresource (3.2.11) 
Using addressable (2.3.2) 
Using annotate (2.5.0) 
Using bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1) 
Using bootstrap-sass (2.1.0.0) 
Using will_paginate (3.0.3) 
Using bootstrap-will_paginate (0.0.6) 
Using nokogiri (1.5.6) 
Using ffi (1.3.1) 
Using childprocess (0.3.6) 
Using websocket (1.0.6) 
Using libwebsocket (0.1.7.1) 
Using rubyzip (0.9.9) 
Using selenium-webdriver (2.27.2) 
Using xpath (0.1.4) 
Using capybara (1.1.2) 
Using coffee-script-source (1.4.0) 
Using execjs (1.4.0) 
Using coffee-script (2.2.0) 
Using rack-ssl (1.3.2) 
Using json (1.7.6) 
Using rdoc (3.12) 
Using thor (0.16.0) 
Using railties (3.2.11) 
Using coffee-rails (3.2.2) 
Using diff-lcs (1.1.3) 
Using gherkin (2.11.5) 
Using cucumber (1.2.1) 
Using cucumber-rails (1.2.1) 
Using database_cleaner (0.7.0) 
Using factory_girl (4.1.0) 
Using factory_girl_rails (4.1.0) 
Using faker (1.0.1) 
Using jquery-rails (2.0.2) 
Installing pg (0.12.2) 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb 
checking for pg_config... no
No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
 --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config


Gem files will remain installed in /Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.12.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.12.2/ext/gem_make.out

An error occurred while installing pg (0.12.2), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.12.2'` succeeds before bundling.

最后，我尝试了PATH=$PATH:/Library/PostgreSQL/9.2/bin sudo gem install pg，得到了：

Password:
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no
No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
 --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config


Gem files will remain installed in /Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.15.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/stewartmccoy/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.15.0/ext/gem_make.out

建议？

非常感谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

您应该检查 config/database.yml 上的适配器。可能您已经使用 test 环境设置了 postgres 或 pg 适配器。

但是，在您的 Gemfile 中，您设置了 postgres 仅用于生产：

group :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.12.2'
end

如果您添加测试环境并再次运行 bundle，它应该可以工作：

group :test, :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.12.2'
end

另见this answer的解决方案：

尝试使用以下命令安装 gem：

gem install pg -- --with-pg-config= 'PATH_TO_YOUR_PG_CONFIG'

如果你不知道你的 pg_config 在哪里，运行这个命令：

which pg_config

顺便说一句，您是否已经在桌面上安装了 postgres？您只需要安装 gem 的 postgres 开发包。