无法在优胜美地上安装 Rails - 我觉得我已经尝试了一切

【问题标题】：Can't install Rails on Yosemite - I feel like I've tried everything无法在优胜美地上安装 Rails - 我觉得我已经尝试了一切
【发布时间】：2015-06-15 15:10:41
【问题描述】：

我觉得我已经阅读了所有教程和所有 StackExchange 帖子，但在尝试安装 Rails 时仍然遇到同样的错误。这是我得到的常见错误：

$ gem install rails --no-ri --no-rdoc
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150409-59802-iosiis.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes
checking if the C compiler accepts -Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future... no
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
checking for gzdopen() in -lz... yes
checking for iconv... yes
************************************************************************
IMPORTANT NOTICE:

Building Nokogiri with a packaged version of libxml2-2.9.2
with the following patches applied:
    - 0001-Revert-Missing-initialization-for-the-catalog-module.patch
    - 0002-Fix-missing-entities-after-CVE-2014-3660-fix.patch

Team Nokogiri will keep on doing their best to provide security
updates in a timely manner, but if this is a concern for you and want
to use the system library instead; abort this installation process and
reinstall nokogiri as follows:

    gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries
        [--with-xml2-config=/path/to/xml2-config]
        [--with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config]

If you are using Bundler, tell it to use the option:

    bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries
    bundle install

Note, however, that nokogiri is not fully compatible with arbitrary
versions of libxml2 provided by OS/package vendors.
************************************************************************
Extracting libxml2-2.9.2.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/ports/libxml2/2.9.2... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxml2/0001-Revert-Missing-initialization-for-the-catalog-module.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxml2/0002-Fix-missing-entities-after-CVE-2014-3660-fix.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running 'compile' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running 'install' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Activating libxml2 2.9.2 (from /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/libxml2/2.9.2)...
************************************************************************
IMPORTANT NOTICE:

Building Nokogiri with a packaged version of libxslt-1.1.28
with the following patches applied:
    - 0001-Adding-doc-update-related-to-1.1.28.patch
    - 0002-Fix-a-couple-of-places-where-f-printf-parameters-wer.patch
    - 0003-Initialize-pseudo-random-number-generator-with-curre.patch
    - 0004-EXSLT-function-str-replace-is-broken-as-is.patch
    - 0006-Fix-str-padding-to-work-with-UTF-8-strings.patch
    - 0007-Separate-function-for-predicate-matching-in-patterns.patch
    - 0008-Fix-direct-pattern-matching.patch
    - 0009-Fix-certain-patterns-with-predicates.patch
    - 0010-Fix-handling-of-UTF-8-strings-in-EXSLT-crypto-module.patch
    - 0013-Memory-leak-in-xsltCompileIdKeyPattern-error-path.patch
    - 0014-Fix-for-bug-436589.patch
    - 0015-Fix-mkdir-for-mingw.patch

Team Nokogiri will keep on doing their best to provide security
updates in a timely manner, but if this is a concern for you and want
to use the system library instead; abort this installation process and
reinstall nokogiri as follows:

    gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries
        [--with-xml2-config=/path/to/xml2-config]
        [--with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config]

If you are using Bundler, tell it to use the option:

    bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries
    bundle install
************************************************************************
Extracting libxslt-1.1.28.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/ports/libxslt/1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0001-Adding-doc-update-related-to-1.1.28.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0002-Fix-a-couple-of-places-where-f-printf-parameters-wer.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0003-Initialize-pseudo-random-number-generator-with-curre.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0004-EXSLT-function-str-replace-is-broken-as-is.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0006-Fix-str-padding-to-work-with-UTF-8-strings.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0007-Separate-function-for-predicate-matching-in-patterns.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0008-Fix-direct-pattern-matching.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0009-Fix-certain-patterns-with-predicates.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0010-Fix-handling-of-UTF-8-strings-in-EXSLT-crypto-module.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0013-Memory-leak-in-xsltCompileIdKeyPattern-error-path.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0014-Fix-for-bug-436589.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0015-Fix-mkdir-for-mingw.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running 'configure' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running 'compile' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running 'install' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Activating libxslt 1.1.28 (from /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/libxslt/1.1.28)...
checking for main() in -llzma... yes
checking for xmlParseDoc() in libxml/parser.h... no
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... no
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -llibxml2... no
-----
libxml2 is missing.  Please locate mkmf.log to investigate how it is failing.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
    --use-system-libraries
    --enable-static
    --disable-static
    --with-zlib-dir
    --without-zlib-dir
    --with-zlib-include
    --without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
    --with-zlib-lib
    --without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
    --enable-cross-build
    --disable-cross-build
    --with-xml2lib
    --without-xml2lib
    --with-libxml2lib
    --without-libxml2lib

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0@global/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0@global/extensions/x86_64-darwin-14/2.2.0-static/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out

我的操作系统是OS X Yosemite 10.10.2

这是我目前安装的，我使用RMV 来安装Ruby：

$ ruby -v
ruby 2.2.0p0 (2014-12-25 revision 49005) [x86_64-darwin14]

$ xcode-select -p
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer

$ gcc --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --    with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 6.0 (clang-600.0.57) (based on LLVM 3.5svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0
Thread model: posix

$ gem -v
2.4.6

我使用以下方法安装 Rails 并不断收到上述错误：

$ gem install rails --no-ri --no-rdoc

$ gem install rails -v 4.2.0

$ gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-include=/opt/local/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/opt/local/lib --with-xslt-dir=/opt/local

$ sudo gem install rails --no-ri --no-rdoc

我不知道还能做什么，请帮忙。

@rainkinz：

$ cat /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0@global/extensions/x86_64-darwin-14/2.2.0-static/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out

/Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150409-82655-12gg3g1.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes
checking if the C compiler accepts -Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future... no
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
checking for gzdopen() in -lz... yes
checking for iconv... yes
************************************************************************
IMPORTANT NOTICE:

Building Nokogiri with a packaged version of libxml2-2.9.2
with the following patches applied:
    - 0001-Revert-Missing-initialization-for-the-catalog-module.patch
    - 0002-Fix-missing-entities-after-CVE-2014-3660-fix.patch

Team Nokogiri will keep on doing their best to provide security
updates in a timely manner, but if this is a concern for you and want
to use the system library instead; abort this installation process and
reinstall nokogiri as follows:

    gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries
        [--with-xml2-config=/path/to/xml2-config]
        [--with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config]

If you are using Bundler, tell it to use the option:

    bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries
    bundle install

Note, however, that nokogiri is not fully compatible with arbitrary
versions of libxml2 provided by OS/package vendors.
************************************************************************
Extracting libxml2-2.9.2.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/ports/libxml2/2.9.2... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxml2/0001-Revert-Missing-initialization-for-the-catalog-module.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxml2/0002-Fix-missing-entities-after-CVE-2014-3660-fix.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running 'compile' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running 'install' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Activating libxml2 2.9.2 (from /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/libxml2/2.9.2)...
************************************************************************
IMPORTANT NOTICE:

Building Nokogiri with a packaged version of libxslt-1.1.28
with the following patches applied:
    - 0001-Adding-doc-update-related-to-1.1.28.patch
    - 0002-Fix-a-couple-of-places-where-f-printf-parameters-wer.patch
    - 0003-Initialize-pseudo-random-number-generator-with-curre.patch
    - 0004-EXSLT-function-str-replace-is-broken-as-is.patch
    - 0006-Fix-str-padding-to-work-with-UTF-8-strings.patch
    - 0007-Separate-function-for-predicate-matching-in-patterns.patch
    - 0008-Fix-direct-pattern-matching.patch
    - 0009-Fix-certain-patterns-with-predicates.patch
    - 0010-Fix-handling-of-UTF-8-strings-in-EXSLT-crypto-module.patch
    - 0013-Memory-leak-in-xsltCompileIdKeyPattern-error-path.patch
    - 0014-Fix-for-bug-436589.patch
    - 0015-Fix-mkdir-for-mingw.patch

Team Nokogiri will keep on doing their best to provide security
updates in a timely manner, but if this is a concern for you and want
to use the system library instead; abort this installation process and
reinstall nokogiri as follows:

    gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries
        [--with-xml2-config=/path/to/xml2-config]
        [--with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config]

If you are using Bundler, tell it to use the option:

    bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries
    bundle install
************************************************************************
Extracting libxslt-1.1.28.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/ports/libxslt/1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0001-Adding-doc-update-related-to-1.1.28.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0002-Fix-a-couple-of-places-where-f-printf-parameters-wer.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0003-Initialize-pseudo-random-number-generator-with-curre.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0004-EXSLT-function-str-replace-is-broken-as-is.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0006-Fix-str-padding-to-work-with-UTF-8-strings.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0007-Separate-function-for-predicate-matching-in-patterns.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0008-Fix-direct-pattern-matching.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0009-Fix-certain-patterns-with-predicates.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0010-Fix-handling-of-UTF-8-strings-in-EXSLT-crypto-module.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0013-Memory-leak-in-xsltCompileIdKeyPattern-error-path.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0014-Fix-for-bug-436589.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running patch with /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxslt/0015-Fix-mkdir-for-mingw.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running 'configure' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running 'compile' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Running 'install' for libxslt 1.1.28... OK
Activating libxslt 1.1.28 (from /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.1.0/libxslt/1.1.28)...
checking for main() in -llzma... yes
checking for xmlParseDoc() in libxml/parser.h... no
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... no
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -llibxml2... no
-----
libxml2 is missing.  Please locate mkmf.log to investigate how it is failing.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
    --use-system-libraries
    --enable-static
    --disable-static
    --with-zlib-dir
    --without-zlib-dir
    --with-zlib-include
    --without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
    --with-zlib-lib
    --without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
    --enable-cross-build
    --disable-cross-build
    --with-xml2lib
    --without-xml2lib
    --with-libxml2lib
    --without-libxml2lib

extconf failed, exit code 1

**来自brew doctor的输出：

$ brew doctor
Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers
with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is
working fine: please don't worry and just ignore them. Thanks!

Warning: Some directories in /usr/local/share/man aren't writable.
This can happen if you "sudo make install" software that isn't managed
by Homebrew. If a brew tries to add locale information to one of these
directories, then the install will fail during the link step.
You should probably `chown` them:

    /usr/local/share/man/mann

Warning: A newer Command Line Tools release is available.
Update them from Software Update in the App Store.

Warning: "config" scripts exist outside your system or Homebrew directories.
`./configure` scripts often look for *-config scripts to determine if
software packages are installed, and what additional flags to use when
compiling and linking.

Having additional scripts in your path can confuse software installed via
Homebrew if the config script overrides a system or Homebrew provided
script of the same name. We found the following "config" scripts:

  /opt/local/bin/libpng-config
  /opt/local/bin/libpng16-config
  /opt/local/bin/ncurses5-config
  /opt/local/bin/ncursesw5-config
  /opt/local/bin/pkg-config
  /opt/local/bin/python2.7-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/curl-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/freetype-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/libdynd-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/libpng-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/libpng15-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/llvm-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/python-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/python2-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/python2.7-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/xml2-config
  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin/xslt-config
  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3-config
  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3.4-config
  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3.4m-config

Warning: Python is installed at /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework

Homebrew only supports building against the System-provided Python or a
brewed Python. In particular, Pythons installed to /Library can interfere
with other software installs.

Warning: You have MacPorts or Fink installed:
  /opt/local/bin/port

This can cause trouble. You don't have to uninstall them, but you may want to
temporarily move them out of the way, e.g.

  sudo mv /opt/local ~/macports

Warning: Unbrewed dylibs were found in /usr/local/lib.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected dylibs:
    /usr/local/lib/libMonoPosixHelper.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libSFFileMonitor.32.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libSFIPC.32.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libSFIPC.I.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libSFsqlite3.7.4.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libSFSyncEngine.I.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libtcl8.6.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libtk8.6.dylib

Warning: Unbrewed header files were found in /usr/local/include.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected header files:
    /usr/local/include/fakemysql.h
    /usr/local/include/fakepq.h
    /usr/local/include/fakesql.h
    /usr/local/include/itcl.h
    /usr/local/include/itcl2TclOO.h
    /usr/local/include/itclDecls.h
    /usr/local/include/itclInt.h
    /usr/local/include/itclIntDecls.h
    /usr/local/include/itclMigrate2TclCore.h
    /usr/local/include/itclTclIntStubsFcn.h
    /usr/local/include/mysqlStubs.h
    /usr/local/include/odbcStubs.h
    /usr/local/include/pqStubs.h
    /usr/local/include/tcl.h
    /usr/local/include/tclDecls.h
    /usr/local/include/tclOO.h
    /usr/local/include/tclOODecls.h
    /usr/local/include/tclPlatDecls.h
    /usr/local/include/tclThread.h
    /usr/local/include/tclTomMath.h
    /usr/local/include/tclTomMathDecls.h
    /usr/local/include/tdbc.h
    /usr/local/include/tdbcDecls.h
    /usr/local/include/tdbcInt.h
    /usr/local/include/tk.h
    /usr/local/include/tkDecls.h
    /usr/local/include/tkPlatDecls.h

Warning: Unbrewed .pc files were found in /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected .pc files:
    /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/tcl.pc
    /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/tk.pc

Warning: Unbrewed static libraries were found in /usr/local/lib.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected static libraries:
    /usr/local/lib/libtclstub8.6.a
    /usr/local/lib/libtkstub8.6.a

Warning: You have a non-Homebrew 'pkg-config' in your PATH:
  /opt/local/bin/pkg-config

`./configure` may have problems finding brew-installed packages using
this other pkg-config.

Warning: Your Xcode (6.2) is outdated
Please update to Xcode 6.3.
Xcode can be updated from the App Store.

【问题讨论】：

  • 你在用自制软件吗？
  • 您是否安装了 XCode 和 XCode 开发者工具？
  • 是的，我正在使用自制软件
  • 是的，我已经安装了 XCode 和 XCode 开发工具
  • 能否粘贴 cat /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0@global/extensions/x86_64-darwin-14/2.2.0-static/nokogiri-1.6 的输出.6.2/gem_make.out?

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby


【解决方案1】：

根据您的 brew doctor 输出：

sudo mv /opt/local ~/macports
mv  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda  /Users/jdesilvio/anaconda.back

gem install nokogiri

然后可以选择放回 macports（你可能不应该同时拥有 macports 和 homebrew）并选择放回 anaconda（不管是什么）。我的猜测是，安装在 anaconda 目录中的 libxml2 弄乱了 nokogiri 安装的 libxml2 标头的路径。

【讨论】：

  • $ brew install libiconv Warning: libiconv-1.14 already installed 和 gem install nokogiri 导致相同的错误
  • 枪之子……是macports！移动了它并安装了 nokogiri 和 rails ！非常感谢...知道为什么 macports 会导致这种情况吗？顺便说一句：anaconda 是一个 Python 发行版
  • 最有可能的原因是，当编译本机 nokogiri C 代码时，它在 macports 下寻找 libxml2，没有找到它并失败。 echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 和 $PATH 的输出是什么？
  • $ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 没有返回任何内容。 $ echo $PATH /Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/heroku/bin:/Users/jdesilvio/anaconda/bin:/usr/local/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/git/bin:/Users/jdesilvio/.rvm/bin
【解决方案2】：

最好的办法是使用 Ruby 版本管理器来完成。弄乱 OSX 附带的 ruby​​ 版本是个坏主意，因为 Apple 依赖某些版本来更新它。

安装 RVM、Ruby 和 Rails

禁用多余的文档

echo "gem: --no-document" >> ~/.gemrc

使用 Ruby 和 Rails 安装 RVM

\curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --auto-dotfiles --autolibs=enabled --rails

在当前终端会话中加载 RVM

source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm

如果还没有，请将其放在您的 ~/.profile 文件中以在每次登录时加载

[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

检查 RVM 是否作为函数加载

type rvm | head -1

检查版本

rvm -v
ruby -v
rails -v

【讨论】：

  • 我想我一直在使用 RVM 安装...当我运行 \curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --auto-dotfiles --autolibs=enabled --rails 时，我得到了同样的错误
  • 不确定 ~/.profile 文件在哪里，但应该在安装 rails 后添加 [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"？？
  • 是的，安装后添加。根据您的 shell 设置，您的 $PATH 变量可能是从 ~/.profile、.bashrc 或 .zsh 读取的
  • \curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --auto-dotfiles --autolibs=enabled --rails 安装不起作用...我还应该更新 .profile 吗？
  • 除非您在该目录中安装了程序，否则不会。 ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
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