'pod init' 返回：不允许操作 - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)答案

【问题标题】：'pod init' returns: Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)'pod init' 返回：不允许操作 - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
【发布时间】：2020-09-10 17:34:47
【问题描述】：

当我尝试在我的 Xcode 项目目录中执行 pod init 时，它返回以下内容：

Traceback (most recent call last):
    35: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
    34: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
    33: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/bin/pod:36:in `<top (required)>'
    32: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    31: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    30: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/lib/cocoapods.rb:8:in `<top (required)>'
    29: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    28: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    27: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    26: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    25: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    24: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    23: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    22: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    21: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    20: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    19: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    18: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    17: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    16: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    15: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/i18n.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
    14: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    13: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    12: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/i18n-0.9.5/lib/i18n.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    11: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    10: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     9: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/map.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
     8: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     7: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     6: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/synchronization.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
     5: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `load_native_extensions'
     4: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `each'
     3: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `block in load_native_extensions'
     2: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:62:in `try_load_c_extension'
     1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- concurrent/concurrent_ruby_ext (LoadError)
    46: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
    45: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
    44: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/bin/pod:36:in `<top (required)>'
    43: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    42: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    41: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/lib/cocoapods.rb:8:in `<top (required)>'
    40: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    39: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    38: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    37: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    36: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    35: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    34: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    33: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    32: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    31: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    30: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    29: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    28: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    27: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    26: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/i18n.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
    25: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    24: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    23: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/i18n-0.9.5/lib/i18n.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    22: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    21: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    20: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/map.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    19: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    18: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    17: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/synchronization.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
    16: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `load_native_extensions'
    15: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `each'
    14: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `block in load_native_extensions'
    13: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:62:in `try_load_c_extension'
    12: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
    11: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:123:in `rescue in require'
    10: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:212:in `try_activate'
     9: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `find_by_path'
     8: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `find'
     7: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `each'
     6: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1042:in `block in find_by_path'
     5: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:39:in `compatible?'
     4: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:7:in `bundler_version'
     3: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:22:in `bundler_version_with_reason'
     2: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:68:in `lockfile_version'
     1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `lockfile_contents'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `pwd': Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)

我已经安装了Homebrew、Ruby 和Cocoapods。我正在运行macOS Catalina 10.15.4 和Xcode 11.3.1。

我尝试关注this advice 并通过以下命令在/usr/local/bin 中安装cocoapods：sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

但我在安装时遇到了同样的错误：Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)

知道问题出在哪里吗？

编辑

重新安装 Ruby 管理器以安装 Ruby 后，我收到一个新错误：

2: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:9:in `<main>'
    1: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- executable-hooks/hooks (LoadError)
    13: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:9:in `<main>'
    12: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
    11: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:123:in `rescue in require'
    10: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:213:in `try_activate'
     9: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `find_by_path'
     8: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `find'
     7: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `each'
     6: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1037:in `block in find_by_path'
     5: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:39:in `compatible?'
     4: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:7:in `bundler_version'
     3: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:22:in `bundler_version_with_reason'
     2: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:68:in `lockfile_version'
     1: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `lockfile_contents'
/Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `pwd': Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)

【问题讨论】：

标签： ios ruby cocoapods

【解决方案1】：

正如下面的 cmets 中所述，已通过将项目移出 ~/Library 来解决此问题，因为这是 macOS 上的一个特殊系统目录，可能会触发上述错误。即便如此，使用 Ruby 管理器的建议仍是最佳实践：

您遇到了 macOS 沙盒权限问题。最简单的解决方法是不使用 macOS 附带的内置 Ruby 版本，而是使用 Ruby 管理器来安装 Ruby：

安装 RVM：

\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

重启你的shell
安装 Ruby：

rvm install 2.6

使用此命令安装 cocoapods（并且不使用sudo）：

gem install cocoapods

确认which pod 的输出类似于：

/Users/foo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/bin/pod

然后重试您的pod init 命令。

这里有一个资源解释了为什么不使用系统的默认 Ruby 版本：

https://dontusesystemruby.com

如果您愿意，还可以安装和使用其他管理器：

每个都有其优点和缺点，但经过 7 年的专业 Ruby 开发，RVM 从未对我做错，所以这是我推荐的。

【讨论】：

感谢您的回复。我遵循了每一步，并成功重新安装了 Ruby。但是，当我写 pod init 时，我仍然遇到非常相似的错误。如果您想查看，我在上面的编辑中添加了错误消息。
@Zorgan 感谢您发布错误。你能告诉我你运行pod init时在哪个目录吗？
当我运行pod init:/Users/zorgan/library/Autosave Information/app/app时，我在我的Xcode项目目录中。我也尝试在/Users/zorgan/library/Autosave Information/app/ 中运行它并得到同样的错误。
这是一个权限错误，您可以[[ -s /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm ]] && source /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm 结束.bashrc
如果你搬出/Users/zorgan/library怎么办？ macOS 上的~/Library 是一个特殊的系统目录。尝试将您的项目移至其他位置，例如 ~/Documents，然后重试。

【解决方案2】：

对我来说，选择使用默认的 ruby 是一个问题。我安装了 Mac 附带的默认 ruby，并使用名为 rvm 的 Ruby 管理器安装了另一个。所以我让我的 rvm 将默认 ruby 设置为它已安装的那个。

这将列出所有安装 ruby 的路径

which -a ruby

这将列出所有已安装的 ruby 版本

rvm list

你应该设置你想要使用的正确的作为默认值

rvm use 3.0.2 --default

顺便说一句，您应该在 shell 中的路径上，否则您会得到同样的错误。我在桌面文件夹中的项目位置尝试了pod 命令，但失败了。我必须将 shell 中的目录更改为桌面以设置默认值。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

对我来说，我位于项目根目录的子目录中（这个目录恰好与我的项目根目录同名，因此我没有注意到）。

因此，请确保您位于使用 cocoapods 的项目的正确目录中。

【讨论】：