Rails 内置解决方案
根据ActiveStorage Overview Guild,已经存在使用ActiveStorage::Analyzer::ImageAnalyzer的解决方案image.file.analyze和image.file.analyze_later(docs)
根据#analyze docs:
第一次附加新的 blob 时,会通过 analyze_later 自动和异步地分析它们。
这意味着您可以使用
访问您的图像尺寸
image.file.metadata
#=> {"identified"=>true, "width"=>2448, "height"=>3264, "analyzed"=>true}
image.file.metadata['width']
image.file.metadata['height']
所以你的模型看起来像:
class Image < ApplicationRecord
has_one_attached :file
def height
file.metadata['height']
end
def width
file.metadata['width']
end
end
对于 90% 的常规情况,您对此很满意
但是:问题在于这是“异步分析”(#analyze_later),这意味着您不会在上传后立即存储元数据
image.save!
image.file.metadata
#=> {"identified"=>true}
image.file.analyzed?
# => nil
# .... after ActiveJob for analyze_later finish
image.reload
image.file.analyzed?
# => true
#=> {"identified"=>true, "width"=>2448, "height"=>3264, "analyzed"=>true}
这意味着如果您需要实时访问宽度/高度(例如新上传文件尺寸的 API 响应),您可能需要这样做
class Image < ApplicationRecord
has_one_attached :file
after_commit :save_dimensions_now
def height
file.metadata['height']
end
def width
file.metadata['width']
end
private
def save_dimensions_now
file.analyze if file.attached?
end
end
注意:这是有充分理由在 Job 中异步完成的。由于需要执行额外的代码,您的请求的响应会稍微慢一些。因此,您需要有充分的理由“立即保存尺寸”
这个解决方案的镜像可以在How to store Image Width Height in Rails ActiveStorage找到
DIY解决方案
建议:不要这样做,依靠现有的 Vanilla Rails 解决方案
需要更新附件的机型
Bogdan Balan's solution 可以工作。这是没有skip_set_dimensions attr_accessor 的相同解决方案的重写
class Image < ApplicationRecord
after_commit :set_dimensions
has_one_attached :file
private
def set_dimensions
if (file.attached?)
meta = ActiveStorage::Analyzer::ImageAnalyzer.new(file).metadata
height = meta[:height]
width = meta[:width]
else
height = 0
width = 0
end
update_columns(width: width, height: height) # this will save to DB without Rails callbacks
end
end
update_columns docs
不需要更新附件的机型
您可能正在创建模型,您希望在其中存储文件附件并且不再更新它。 (因此,如果您需要更新附件,您只需创建新的模型记录并删除旧的)
在这种情况下,代码会更流畅:
class Image < ApplicationRecord
after_commit :set_dimensions, on: :create
has_one_attached :file
private
def set_dimensions
meta = ActiveStorage::Analyzer::ImageAnalyzer.new(file).metadata
self.height = meta[:height] || 0
self.width = meta[:width] || 0
save!
end
end
您可能希望在保存之前验证附件是否存在。你可以使用active_storage_validations gem
class Image < ApplicationRecord
after_commit :set_dimensions, on: :create
has_one_attached :file
# validations by active_storage_validations
validates :file, attached: true,
size: { less_than: 12.megabytes , message: 'image too large' },
content_type: { in: ['image/png', 'image/jpg', 'image/jpeg'], message: 'needs to be an PNG or JPEG image' }
private
def set_dimensions
meta = ActiveStorage::Analyzer::ImageAnalyzer.new(file).metadata
self.height = meta[:height] || 0
self.width = meta[:width] || 0
save!
end
end
测试
require 'rails_helper'
RSpec.describe Image, type: :model do
let(:image) { build :image, file: image_file }
context 'when trying to upload jpg' do
let(:image_file) { FilesTestHelper.jpg } # https://blog.eq8.eu/til/factory-bot-trait-for-active-storange-has_attached.html
it do
expect { image.save }.to change { image.height }.from(nil).to(35)
end
it do
expect { image.save }.to change { image.width }.from(nil).to(37)
end
it 'on update it should not cause infinitte loop' do
image.save! # creates
image.rotation = 90 # whatever change, some random property on Image model
image.save! # updates
# no stack ofverflow happens => good
end
end
context 'when trying to upload pdf' do
let(:image_file) { FilesTestHelper.pdf } # https://blog.eq8.eu/til/factory-bot-trait-for-active-storange-has_attached.html
it do
expect { image.save }.not_to change { image.height }
end
end
end
FilesTestHelper.jpg 的工作原理在文章 attaching Active Storange to Factory Bot 中进行了解释