每个 RSpec 测试运行都需要 rake db:test:prepare 或使用 Rails 4.2.5 的等效项

Question

使用 Ruby 2.0.0、Rails 4.2.5、RSpec 3.4.4、Shouda-matcher 3.1.1、Database_cleaner 1.4.0、PostgreSQL 9.4.5。

对于每个 rspec（或 rake spec），我必须准备测试数据库。如果我不这样做，我会收到“正在等待迁移”。信息。我读到的所有内容都告诉我，鉴于 Rails 4.1+，这是不对的。我已经采取了所有我能找到的纠正措施，但都无济于事。

准备测试数据库意味着我要么使用已弃用的“rake db:test:prepare”，要么使用一系列“rake db:drop/create/migrate RAILS_ENV=test”。要么工作。测试后的简单迁移不起作用，因为它会尝试重新创建所有表，尽管它们存在。这些问题在开发或 Heroku 生产中都不存在，因为所有迁移都已处理并且工作正常。

Rails_helper.rb 包含命令“ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema！”这应该控制这个问题。实际上，该命令是识别需要迁移并抛出“迁移未决”的命令。信息。我尝试包含命令“ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrate(File.join(Rails.root, 'db/migrate'))”来检查并在需要时强制迁移，但这与运行新迁移相同并导致我提到的关于重新创建现有表的问题。

我确实使用“rails generate rspec:install”来重建 .rspec、spec_helper.rb 和 rails_helper.rb，然后更新新文件以尝试解决问题。我还将所有配置迁移到 rails_helper.rb。 spec_helper.rb 都是 cmets。

故障如下：

rake spec 
Running rails_helper.rb
D:/BitNami/rubystack-2.0.0-38/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:392:in `check_pending!':  (ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError)
Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:
        bin/rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=test

.rspec

--color
--format documentation
--require rails_helper

rails_helper.rb

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
puts "Running rails_helper.rb"
ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__)

abort("The Rails environment is not running in test mode!") unless Rails.env.test?

require 'rspec/rails'
# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point!
require 'shoulda/matchers'

Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each { |f| require f; puts "File #{f}" }

ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!
#ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrate(File.join(Rails.root, 'db/migrate'))

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.extend ControllerMacros, type: :controller
  config.include JsonSpec::Helpers
  config.render_views  # Intended to ensure that views are processed

  config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
  end

  # ## Mock Framework
  config.mock_with :mocha
  # config.mock_with :flexmock
  # config.mock_with :rr

  # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
  # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
  # instead of true.
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true

  # If true, the base class of anonymous controllers will be inferred
  # automatically. This will be the default behavior in future versions of
  # rspec-rails.
  config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false

  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
  #     --seed 1234
  config.order = "random"

  # rspec-rails 3 will no longer automatically infer an example group's spec type
  # from the file location. You can explicitly opt-in to this feature using this
  # snippet:
  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!

  # Filter lines from Rails gems in backtraces.
  config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!
  # arbitrary gems may also be filtered via:
  # config.filter_gems_from_backtrace("gem name")

  # Sorcery RSpec configuration
  # config.include Sorcery::TestHelpers::Rails::Controller, type: [:controller]
  # config.include Sorcery::TestHelpers::Rails::Integration, type: [:feature]
  config.include Sorcery::TestHelpers::Rails

  # FactoryGirl RSpec configuration
  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods

end

宝石文件

source 'https://rubygems.org'
ruby '2.0.0'
gem 'rails', '4.2.5'
gem 'sprockets', '3.4.0' 
gem 'sprockets-rails', '2.3.3'
gem 'sass', '3.4.19'
gem 'sass-rails', '5.0.4'
gem 'uglifier', '2.7.1'
gem 'coffee-rails', '4.1.0'
gem 'turbolinks', '2.5.3'
gem 'jquery-turbolinks', '2.1.0'  
gem 'jbuilder', '2.2.13'
gem 'will_paginate', '~> 3.0.7'
gem 'bootstrap-sass', '3.3.5.1'
gem 'figaro', '1.1.1' 
gem 'pg', '0.18.1'
gem 'simple_form', '3.1.0.rc2'
gem 'sorcery', '0.9.1'
gem 'rolify', '4.0.0'
gem 'acts_as_tenant', '0.3.9'
gem 'jquery-datatables-rails', '3.3.0'
gem 'jquery-rails', '4.0.4'  
gem 'jquery-ui-rails', '5.0.5'
gem 'lodash-rails', '3.7.0'
gem 'logging', '2.0.0'
gem 'smarter_csv', '1.0.19'
gem 'addressable', '2.3.8'
gem 'delayed_job', '4.0.6'
gem 'delayed_job_active_record', '4.0.3'
gem 'better_delayed_job_web', '1.3.12'
gem 'roo', '2.0.1'
gem 'roo-xls', '1.0.0'
gem 'font-awesome-sass', '4.3.2.1'
gem 'autoprefixer-rails', '5.2.0'
gem 'twilio-ruby', '4.7.0'
gem 'exception_notification', '4.1.1' 
gem 'exception_notification-rake', '0.2.1' 
gem 'tzinfo-data'    
gem 'responders', '2.1.0'
gem 'rubyzip', '1.1.7'      
gem 'htmlentities', '4.3.3' 
gem 'axlsx', '2.1.0.pre'
gem 'axlsx_rails', '0.3.0'
gem 'acts_as_xlsx', '1.0.6'
gem 'spreadsheet', '1.0.3'
gem 'redis', '3.2.1'
gem 'aws-sdk', '2.1.35'
gem 'aws-sdk-core', '2.1.35'
gem 'aws-sdk-resources', '2.1.35'
gem 'phony', '2.15.10'
gem 'phony_rails', '0.12.11'
gem 'ranger', '1.1.0'
gem 'execjs', '2.6.0'
gem 'paloma', '4.2.1'
gem 'rabl-rails', '0.4.2'
gem 'gon', '6.0.1'
group :production, :staging do
  platforms :ruby do # Linux
    gem 'unicorn', '4.9.0'
  end
  platforms :mswin do # Windows
    gem 'passenger', '5.0.8'
  end
  gem 'rails_12factor', '0.0.3'  # For Heroku
  end
group :development do
  gem 'brakeman', require: false
  gem 'web-console', '2.1.3'
  gem 'bullet', '4.14.7'
  gem 'better_errors', '2.1.1'
  gem 'binding_of_caller', '0.7.2'
  gem 'quiet_assets', '1.1.0'
  gem 'rails_layout', '1.0.26'
  gem 'meta_request', '0.4.0'
  gem 'coffee-rails-source-maps', '1.4.0'
end
group :development, :test do
  gem 'thin', '1.6.3'
  gem 'letter_opener', '1.3.0'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails', '4.5.0'
  gem 'rspec-core', '3.4.4'
  gem 'rspec-rails','3.4.2'
  gem 'rspec-collection_matchers', "1.1.2"
end
group :test do
  gem 'database_cleaner', '1.4.0'
  gem 'email_spec', '1.6.0'
  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '3.1.1', require: false
  gem 'shoulda-callback-matchers', '1.1.3'
  gem 'mocha', '1.1.0'
  gem 'json_spec', '1.1.4'
  gem 'pry', '0.10.1'
  gem 'capybara', '2.4.4'
  gem "faker", "~> 1.4.3"
  gem "forgery", "~> 0.6.0"
  gem "launchy", "~> 2.4.3"
  gem "selenium-webdriver", "~> 2.53.0"
end

database_cleaner.rb

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.before(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  end

  config.before(:each) do
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
  end

  config.before(:each, :js => true) do
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation
  end

  config.before(:each) do
    DatabaseCleaner.start
  end

  config.after(:each) do
    DatabaseCleaner.clean
  end

end

Answer 1

这显然是 1.4.0 版中 Database Cleaner 的一个已知问题，其中 schema_migrations 表与数据库的其余部分一起被清理：https://github.com/DatabaseCleaner/database_cleaner/issues/317。

Rails 内部使用schema_migrations 表来跟踪迁移历史。因此，当它被清除时，Rails 认为您的任何迁移都没有运行。简单的解决方法是将 Database Cleaner 升级到高于 1.4.0 的版本。