限制从 Laravel Eloquent 中连接的表/模型返回的字段

Question

我正在使用 Laravel（在 Jetstream/Inertia 和 VueJS 中），在我的控制器中，我正在查询三个表：users、stations 和 shifts。 shifts 是我的主表，它具有 users 表 (user_id) 和 stations 表 (station_id) 的外键。

在我的控制器中，我使用以下查询来获取所有数据。

$monthShifts = Shift::where(DB::raw('MONTH(date)'), $queryMonth)
    ->where(DB::raw('YEAR(date)'), $queryYear)
    ->with('user', 'station')
    ->get();

这让我得到了我需要的以下格式：

$shifts = [
    [0] => Array
        (
            [id] => 1
            [date] => 2021-09-15
            [user_id] => 3
            [station_id] => 1
            [am_pm] => pm
            [user] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 3
                    [name] => Andy Ryan
                    [type] => suppression
                    [email] => emann@mydomain.com
                )

            [station] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 1
                    [station_number] => 12
                    [station_name] => Main
                )
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [id] => 6
            [date] => 2021-09-12
            [user_id] => 6
            [station_id] => 2
            [am_pm] => pm
            [created_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [updated_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [user] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 6
                    [name] => Mohammed Veum
                    [type] => suppression
                    [email] => hhuel@mydomain.com
                )

            [station] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 2
                    [station_number] => 13
                    [station_name] => Secondary
                )

        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [id] => 7
            [date] => 2021-09-11
            [user_id] => 7
            [station_id] => 2
            [am_pm] => pm
            [created_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [updated_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [user] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 7
                    [name] => Santa Wolf
                    [type] => support
                    [email] => mbashirian@mydomain.com
                )

            [station] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 2
                    [station_number] => 13
                    [station_name] => Secondary
                )

        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [id] => 9
            [date] => 2021-09-05
            [user_id] => 6
            [station_id] => 2
            [am_pm] => pm
            [created_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [updated_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [user] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 6
                    [name] => Mohammed Veum
                    [type] => suppression
                    [email] => hhuel@mydomain.com
                )

            [station] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 2
                    [station_number] => 13
                    [station_name] => Secondary
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [id] => 10
            [date] => 2021-09-02
            [user_id] => 7
            [station_id] => 2
            [am_pm] => pm
            [created_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [updated_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [user] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 7
                    [name] => Santa Wolf
                    [type] => support
                    [email] => mbashirian@mydomain.com

            [station] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 2
                    [station_number] => 13
                    [station_name] => Secondary
                )

        )

    [5] => Array
        (
            [id] => 13
            [date] => 2021-09-02
            [user_id] => 3
            [station_id] => 2
            [am_pm] => pm
            [created_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [updated_at] => 2021-09-15T23:05:27.000000Z
            [user] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 3
                    [name] => Andy Ryan
                    [type] => suppression
                    [email] => emann@mydomain.com
                )

            [station] => Array
                (
                    [id] => 2
                    [station_number] => 13
                    [station_name] => Secondary
                )
        )
]

但是，我想做的是只从所有三个中获取特定字段：

1. am_pm, id 来自顶层 (shift)
2. station_number 来自station
3. name 和 type 来自 user

在直接的 SQL 中，我会这样写：

select s.id, s.date, s.am_pm, u.name, u.type, st.station_number
from shifts s inner join users u on s.user_id = u.id
inner join stations st on s.station_id = st.id
where MONTH(date) = {month}
and year(date) = {year}

如何将项目限制在这些字段中，并将它们展平？如果我不想包含 station 和 user 对象，我可以这样做来限制 shift 数据：

         $monthShifts = Shift::where(DB::raw('MONTH(date)'), $queryMonth)
             ->where(DB::raw('YEAR(date)'), $queryYear)
             ->get(['date', 'am_pm', 'id'])
             ->groupBy(['date', 'am_pm']);

然后我丢失了我需要的其他数据（user 和 station），以及station_number 的分组。

Answer 1

 ->with(['user'=>function ($query) {
                $query->select('id', 'name', 'type');
              }, 
 'station'=>function ($query) {
          $query->select('station_number');
      }])->get(['id','am_pm','user_id','station_id'])

你必须在 get() 中包含 shifts 表中的 'user_id' 和 'station_id' 才能以这种方式获取关系数据

Answer 2

使用 pluck 方法将解决您的问题

https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/collections#method-pluck