如何验证给定 json 结构的 json 模式

Question

你好，我的json结构如下：

{
"datasetType": "monolingual-corpus",
"languages": {
    "sourceLanguage": "hi"
},
"collectionSource": [
    "http://pib.gov.in/"
],
"domain":[
    "news"
],
"license": "cc-by-4.0",
"submitter": {
    "name": "Project aroad",
    "aboutMe": "Open source project run by aroad foundation",
    "team": [
        {
            "name": "Navneet Kumar hegde",
            "aboutMe": "NLP team lead at Project aroad"
        },
        {
            "name": "Aswini Pradeep",
            "aboutMe": "Backend team lead at Project aroad"
        }
    ]
}

我只能使用 json 模式来验证 datasetType。我如何验证其他值，例如“languages”、“collectoinsource”、“submitter”。 在“提交者”中，所有字段都应为必填项，以及如何在“提交者”中验证“团队”

我用 python 编写的代码仅验证“datasetType”，无法验证剩余字段。 请帮助我，提前谢谢

Answer 1

试试marshmallow。它非常适合验证模式。

from marshmallow import Schema, fields


class LanguageSchema(Schema):
    sourceLanguage = fields.String(required=True)


class UserSchema(Schema):
    name = fields.String(required=True)
    aboutMe = fields.String(required=True)


class SubmitterSchema(UserSchema):
    team = fields.List(fields.Nested(UserSchema()))


class ExampleSchema(Schema):
    datasetType = fields.String(required=True)
    languages = fields.Nested(LanguageSchema(), required=True)
    collectionSource = fields.List(fields.URL, required=True)
    domain = fields.List(fields.String(), required=True)
    license = fields.String(required=True)
    submitter = fields.Nested(SubmitterSchema(), required=True)


data = {
    "datasetType": "monolingual-corpus",
    "languages": {
        "sourceLanguage": "hi"
    },
    "collectionSource": [
        "http://pib.gov.in/"
    ],
    "domain": [
        "news"
    ],
    "license": "cc-by-4.0",
    "submitter": {
        "name": "Project aroad",
        "aboutMe": "Open source project run by aroad foundation",
        "team": [
            {
                "name": "Navneet Kumar hegde",
                "aboutMe": "NLP team lead at Project aroad"
            },
            {
                "name": "Aswini Pradeep",
                "aboutMe": "Backend team lead at Project aroad"
            }
        ]
    }
}

# initialize schema
schema = ExampleSchema()
# validate data, will throw error if data does not fit schema
validated_data = schema.load(data)

Answer 2

您可以使用一个名为 JSON Schema 的标准和一个 Python 库 jsonschema 来使用您自己的架构验证 json 数据。 https://python-jsonschema.readthedocs.io/en/stable/validate/

至于编写架构和验证您想要的内容，您有几种方法可以解决。

1. 要强制执行数据结构，您只需使用基本对象和数组规范。 https://json-schema.org/learn/miscellaneous-examples.html
2. 要强制使用允许的值（即在语言中），您可以使用 enum 属性。 https://stackoverflow.com/a/30931659/4739483