有没有办法调用精灵类的唯一重要参数？ [复制]

Question

所以我最近用python制作了一个玩家收集绿点的游戏。未完成，稍后我会在游戏中实现更多。

但是我有一个问题。我希望我的精灵使用箭头键移动，根据使用的键更改 X 和 Y 的位置并忽略其余部分。但这给了我一个错误，说我缺少其他论点。有没有办法解决这个问题？

代码：

import pygame
import sys
import random


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, width, height, posX, posY, color):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
        self.image.fill(color)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = [posX, posY]
        self.eat = pygame.mixer.Sound("audio/Apple_Bite-Simon_Craggs-1683647397.mp3")

    def __call__(self, posX, posY):
        self.rect.center = [posX, posY]


class Target(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, width, height, posX, posY, color):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
        self.image.fill(color)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = [posX, posY]
        self.eat = pygame.mixer.Sound("audio/Apple_Bite-Simon_Craggs-1683647397.mp3")

    def eat(self):
        self.eat.play()
        pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, target_group, True)


pygame.init()

screen_width = 600
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))

player = Player(50, 50, 300, 250, (0, 255, 127))
player_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
player_group.add(player)
player_group.update()

target_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
for target in range(6):
    target_sprite = Target(25, 25, random.randrange(15, screen_width), random.randrange(15, screen_height),
                           (127, 255, 0))
    target_group.add(target_sprite)


run = True
while run:
    screen.fill((0, 16, 16))
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                change_pos = Player(posX=-0, posY=+0.4)
            if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                change_pos = Player(posX=-0, posY=-0.4)

    player_group.draw(screen)
    player_group.update()
    target_group.draw(screen)
    target_group.update()
    pygame.display.update()

它给了我这个错误仅供参考：

TypeError: __init__() missing 3 required positional arguments: 'width', 'height', and 'color'

另外我是新人，无论如何谢谢。

Answer 1

函数调用运算符必须在实例对象 (player) 上执行，而不是在类 (Player) 上：

Player(posX=-0, posY=+0.4)

player(posX=-0, posY=+0.4)

如果要以浮点精度存储对象位置，则必须将对象的位置存储在单独的变量和属性中，并同步pygame.Rect 对象。 round 坐标并将其分配给矩形的位置（例如.center）：

class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, width, height, posX, posY, color):
        super().__init__()
        # [...]

        self.x = posX
        self.y = posY
        self.rect.center = round(self.x), round(self.y)

    def __call__(self, posX, posY):
        self.x += posX
        self.y += posY
        self.rect.center = round(self.x), round(self.y)

另见Pygame doesn't let me use float for rect.move, but I need it。

键盘事件（请参阅pygame.event 模块）仅在按键状态更改时发生一次。每次按下某个键时，KEYDOWN 事件就会发生一次。每次释放键时，KEYUP 发生一次。将键盘事件用于单个操作或逐步移动。

如果要实现连续运动，则必须使用pygame.key.get_pressed()。 pygame.key.get_pressed() 返回一个包含每个键状态的列表。如果按住某个键，则该键的状态为True，否则为False。使用pygame.key.get_pressed() 评估按钮的当前状态并获得连续移动：

run = True
while run:
    # [...]

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
        player(posX=-0, posY=+0.4)
    if keys[pygame.K_UP]:
        player(posX=-0, posY=-0.4)

另见How can I make a sprite move when key is held down和How to get keyboard input in pygame?

使用pygame.time.Clock 控制每秒帧数，从而控制游戏速度。 pygame.time.Clock 对象的 tick() 方法以这种方式延迟游戏，即循环的每次迭代消耗相同的时间段。见pygame.time.Clock.tick():

这个方法应该每帧调用一次。

run = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while run:
    clock .tick(100)
  
    # [...]

另见Pygame clock and event loops。

---

完整示例：

import pygame
import sys
import random


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, width, height, posX, posY, color):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
        self.image.fill(color)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.x = posX
        self.y = posY
        self.rect.center = round(self.x), round(self.y)
        self.eat = pygame.mixer.Sound("audio/Apple_Bite-Simon_Craggs-1683647397.mp3")

    def __call__(self, posX, posY):
        self.x += posX
        self.y += posY
        self.rect.center = round(self.x), round(self.y)

class Target(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, width, height, posX, posY, color):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
        self.image.fill(color)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = [posX, posY]
        self.eat = pygame.mixer.Sound("audio/Apple_Bite-Simon_Craggs-1683647397.mp3")

    def eat(self):
        self.eat.play()
        pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, target_group, True)


pygame.init()

screen_width = 600
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))

player = Player(50, 50, 300, 250, (0, 255, 127))
player_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
player_group.add(player)
player_group.update()

target_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
for target in range(6):
    target_sprite = Target(25, 25, random.randrange(15, screen_width), random.randrange(15, screen_height),
                           (127, 255, 0))
    target_group.add(target_sprite)


run = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while run:
    clock .tick(100)
    screen.fill((0, 16, 16))
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False
            sys.exit()

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
        player(posX=-0, posY=+1)
    if keys[pygame.K_UP]:
        player(posX=-0, posY=-1)

    player_group.draw(screen)
    player_group.update()
    target_group.draw(screen)
    target_group.update()
    pygame.display.update()