使用 FCM 从服务器发送推送通知

Question

最近我问了一个关于使用 GCM 发送推送通知的问题：Send push notifications to Android。现在有了 FCM，我想知道它与服务器端开发有何不同。编码明智，它们是一样的吗？在哪里可以找到显示从服务器向 Android 设备发送推送通知的示例 FCM 代码？

是否需要下载任何 JAR 库才能使用 Java 代码向 FCM 发送通知？ Send push notifications to Android 中的示例代码显示使用 GCM 发送推送通知，并且需要服务器端 GCM JAR 文件。

但是，https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-make-a-post-request-to-a-GCM-server-in-Java-to-push-a-notification-to-the-client-app 中的另一个示例显示使用 GCM 发送推送通知，并且不需要服务器端 GCM JAR 文件，因为它只是通过 HTTP 连接发送。 FCM 可以使用相同的代码吗？使用的 URL 是“https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/send”。 FCM 的等效 URL 是什么？

提前致谢。

Answer 1

服务器端编码有何不同？

由于没有太大区别，您也可以查看 GCM 的大多数示例服务器端代码。 GCM 和 FCM 的主要区别在于，在使用 FCM 时，您可以使用它的新功能（如 answer 中所述）。 FCM 还有一个Console，您可以从中发送消息/通知，而无需拥有自己的应用服务器。

注意：创建自己的应用服务器取决于您。只是说明您可以通过控制台发送消息/通知。

使用的 URL 是“https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/send”。 FCM 的等效 URL 是什么？

FCM 的等效 URL 是 https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send。您可以查看此doc 了解更多详情。

干杯！ :D

Answer 2

使用以下代码从 FCM 服务器发送推送通知：

public class PushNotifictionHelper {
    public final static String AUTH_KEY_FCM = "Your api key";
    public final static String API_URL_FCM = "https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send";

    public static String sendPushNotification(String deviceToken)
            throws IOException {
        String result = "";
        URL url = new URL(API_URL_FCM);
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        conn.setUseCaches(false);
        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);

        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "key=" + AUTH_KEY_FCM);
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");

        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();

        json.put("to", deviceToken.trim());
        JSONObject info = new JSONObject();
        info.put("title", "notification title"); // Notification title
        info.put("body", "message body"); // Notification
                                                                // body
        json.put("notification", info);
        try {
            OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(
                    conn.getOutputStream());
            wr.write(json.toString());
            wr.flush();

            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    (conn.getInputStream())));

            String output;
            System.out.println("Output from Server .... \n");
            while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(output);
            }
            result = CommonConstants.SUCCESS;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            result = CommonConstants.FAILURE;
        }
        System.out.println("GCM Notification is sent successfully");

        return result;

}

Answer 3

这直接来自谷歌

您无需对升级进行任何服务器端协议更改。服务协议没有改变。但是请注意，所有新的服务器增强功能都将记录在 FCM 服务器文档中。

并且从接收消息它接缝只有一些地方它只是略有不同。主要是删除一些东西。

FCM 服务器文档可以在这里找到 https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/server

Answer 4

针对主题、单设备和多设备的完整解决方案 创建一个类 FireMessage。这是数据消息的示例。您可以将数据更改为通知。

public class FireMessage {
private final String SERVER_KEY = "YOUR SERVER KEY";
private final String API_URL_FCM = "https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send";
private JSONObject root;

public FireMessage(String title, String message) throws JSONException {
    root = new JSONObject();
    JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
    data.put("title", title);
    data.put("message", message);
    root.put("data", data);
}


public String sendToTopic(String topic) throws Exception { //SEND TO TOPIC
    System.out.println("Send to Topic");
    root.put("condition", "'"+topic+"' in topics");
    return sendPushNotification(true);
}

public String sendToGroup(JSONArray mobileTokens) throws Exception { // SEND TO GROUP OF PHONES - ARRAY OF TOKENS
    root.put("registration_ids", mobileTokens);
    return sendPushNotification(false);
}

public String sendToToken(String token) throws Exception {//SEND MESSAGE TO SINGLE MOBILE - TO TOKEN
    root.put("to", token);
    return sendPushNotification(false);
}



    private String sendPushNotification(boolean toTopic)  throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL(API_URL_FCM);
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        conn.setUseCaches(false);
        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "key=" + SERVER_KEY);

        System.out.println(root.toString());

        try {
            OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            wr.write(root.toString());
            wr.flush();

            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( (conn.getInputStream())));

            String output;
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
                builder.append(output);
            }
            System.out.println(builder);
            String result = builder.toString();

            JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(result);

            if(toTopic){
                if(obj.has("message_id")){
                    return  "SUCCESS";
                }
           } else {
            int success = Integer.parseInt(obj.getString("success"));
            if (success > 0) {
                return "SUCCESS";
            }
        }

            return builder.toString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
           return e.getMessage();
        }

    }

}

然后像这样在任何地方打电话。 server 和 android 都可以用这个。

FireMessage f = new FireMessage("MY TITLE", "TEST MESSAGE");

      //TO SINGLE DEVICE
    /*  String fireBaseToken="c2N_8u1leLY:APA91bFBNFYDARLWC74QmCwziX-YQ68dKLNRyVjE6_sg3zs-dPQRdl1QU9X6p8SkYNN4Zl7y-yxBX5uU0KEKJlam7t7MiKkPErH39iyiHcgBvazffnm6BsKjRCsKf70DE5tS9rIp_HCk";
       f.sendToToken(fireBaseToken); */

    // TO MULTIPLE DEVICE
    /*  JSONArray tokens = new JSONArray();
      tokens.put("c2N_8u1leLY:APA91bFBNFYDARLWC74QmCwziX-YQ68dKLNRyVjE6_sg3zs-dPQRdl1QU9X6p8SkYNN4Zl7y-yxBX5uU0KEKJlam7t7MiKkPErH39iyiHcgBvazffnm6BsKjRCsKf70DE5tS9rIp_HCk");
      tokens.put("c2R_8u1leLY:APA91bFBNFYDARLWC74QmCwziX-YQ68dKLNRyVjE6_sg3zs-dPQRdl1QU9X6p8SkYNN4Zl7y-yxBX5uU0KEKJlam7t7MiKkPErH39iyiHcgBvazffnm6BsKjRCsKf70DE5tS9rIp_HCk");
       f.sendToGroup(tokens);  */

    //TO TOPIC
      String topic="yourTopicName";
       f.sendToTopic(topic); 

Answer 5

我为 FCM 通知服务器 创建了一个库。只需像 GCM 库一样使用它。

对于 FCM 服务器，请使用以下代码：

GCM Server URL-"android.googleapis.com/gcm/send"

FCM Server URL - "fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send"

使用 URL 附加 https

Sender objSender = new Sender(gAPIKey);

或

Sender objSender = new Sender(gAPIKey,"SERVER_URL");

按默认 FCM SERVER URL 已分配

Message objMessage = new Message.Builder().collapseKey("From FCMServer").timeToLive(3).delayWhileIdle(false)
                .notification(notification)
                .addData("ShortMessage", "Sh").addData("LongMessage", "Long ")
                .build();
        objMulticastResult = objSender.send(objMessage,clientId, 4);

• 这个库的依赖需要和GCM lib一样需要（jsonsimple.jar）。

• 从FCM_Server.jar下载库

Answer 6

public class SendPushNotification extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

    private final String FIREBASE_URL = "https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send";
    private final String SERVER_KEY = "REPLACE_YOUR_SERVER_KEY";
    private Context context;
    private String token;

    public SendPushNotification(Context context, String token) {
        this.context = context;
        this.token = token;
    }

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {

        /*{
            "to": "DEVICE_TOKEN",
            "data": {
            "type": "type",
                "title": "Android",
                "message": "Push Notification",
                "data": {
                    "key": "Extra data"
                }
            }
        }*/

        try {
            URL url = new URL(FIREBASE_URL);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            connection.setDoOutput(true);

            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "key=" + SERVER_KEY);

            JSONObject root = new JSONObject();
            root.put("to", token);

            JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
            data.put("type", "type");
            data.put("title", "Android");
            data.put("message", "Push Notification");

            JSONObject innerData = new JSONObject();
            innerData.put("key", "Extra data");

            data.put("data", innerData);
            root.put("data", data);
            Log.e("PushNotification", "Data Format: " + root.toString());

            try {
                OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
                writer.write(root.toString());
                writer.flush();
                writer.close();

                int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                Log.e("PushNotification", "Request Code: " + responseCode);

                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((connection.getInputStream())));
                String output;
                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
                while ((output = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    builder.append(output);
                }
                bufferedReader.close();
                String result = builder.toString();
                Log.e("PushNotification", "Result JSON: " + result);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Log.e("PushNotification", "Error: " + e.getMessage());
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Log.e("PushNotification", "Error: " + e.getMessage());
        }

        return null;
    }
}

使用

SendPushNotification sendPushNotification = new SendPushNotification(context, "token");
sendPushNotification.execute();