System.AggregateException: '某些服务无法构建

Question

我在运行我的应用程序时偶然发现了这个错误。

System.AggregateException：'某些服务无法构造（验证服务描述符时出错'ServiceType：Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.IHostedService Lifetime：Singleton ImplementationType：testing.CacheUpdater'：无法解析服务类型' testing.CacheMonitorOptions'同时尝试激活'testing.CacheUpdater'。

应用说明 我正在制作一个应用程序，我会定期（每 10 秒）使用从数据库中获取的值更新 MemoryCache。

为此，我使用了 3 个类，CacheMonitor（负责更新/覆盖缓存）、StudentsContext（负责从数据库中获取数据）和 CacheUpdater，它是一个调用 Update 方法的后台服务在 CacheMonitor 类中。

我已将它们注入到我的 DI 容器中，如下所示：

Startup.cs

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMemoryCache();
    services.AddHostedService<CacheUpdater>();
    services.AddDbContext<StudentsContext>(options =>
    {
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration["Database:ConnectionString"]);
    });

    services.Configure<CacheMonitorOptions>(Configuration.GetSection("CacheUpdater"));

    services.AddTransient<ICacheMonitor, CacheMonitor>();

    services.AddControllers();
    services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
    {
        c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "testing", Version = "v1" });
    });
}

CacheMonitor.cs

public class CacheMonitor : ICacheMonitor
{
    private readonly IMemoryCache _cache;
    private readonly ILogger<CacheMonitor> _logger;
    private readonly StudentContext _databaseContext;

    public CacheMonitor(
        IMemoryCache cache,
        IOptions<CacheMonitor> options,
        StudentContext context,
        ILogger<CacheMonitor> logger)
    {
        this._cache = cache;
        this._databaseContext = context;
        this._logger = logger;
    }

    public void UpdateCache()
    {
       //updates cache
    }
}

CacheUpdater.cs

public class CacheUpdater{
    private readonly ICacheMonitor _cacheMonitor;
    private readonly CacheMonitorOptions _cacheMonitorOptions;
    private readonly ILogger<CacheUpdater> _logger;

    public CacheUpdater(
        ICacheMonitor cacheMonitor,
        CacheMonitorOptions cacheMonitorOptions,
        ILogger<CacheUpdater> logger)
    {
        _cacheMonitor = cacheMonitor;
        _cacheMonitorOptions = cacheMonitorOptions;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    protected override Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation($"trying to update cache");
        _cacheMonitor.UpdateCache();
        Thread.Sleep(_cacheMonitorOptions.Interval);

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

我知道这与服务的生命周期有关，但我不知道如何解决。

Answer 1

将CacheUpdater ctor 改为接受IOptions<CacheMonitorOptions> 而不是选项（对其他代码进行相应更改）：

 public CacheUpdater(
    ICacheMonitor cacheMonitor,
    IOptions<CacheMonitorOptions> cacheMonitorOptions,
    ILogger<CacheUpdater> logger
    )
    {
        ...
    }

还可以查看docs。

UPD

解决来自 cmets 的问题 - 如果您不想在文档中使用来自 timed background tasks 的模式，您可以按照以下方式做一些事情（未经测试）：

public class CacheUpdater
{
private readonly IServiceScopeFactory _scopeFactory;
private readonly CacheMonitorOptions _cacheMonitorOptions;
private readonly ILogger<CacheUpdater> _logger;

public CacheUpdater(
    IServiceScopeFactory scopeFactory,
    CacheMonitorOptions cacheMonitorOptions,
    ILogger<CacheUpdater> logger
    )
    {
        _scopeFactory = scopeFactory;
        _cacheMonitorOptions = cacheMonitorOptions;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        while(!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested) // !
        {
            _logger.LogInformation($"trying to update cache");
            using (var scope = _serviceScopeFactory.CreateScope())
            {
                 var cacheMonitor = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<ICacheMonitor>(); 
                cacheMonitor.UpdateCache();
                await Task.Delay(_cacheMonitorOptions.Interval, stoppingToken); // DO NOT USE THREAD SLEEP HERE!
            }
        }
    }
}