Blazor 添加 HttpClientHandler 以在请求中将 Jwt 添加到 HTTP 标头

Question

我将 Visual Studio 2019 和 .Net Core 3.0.0-preview-7 与标准 Blazor 客户端、服务器和共享模板一起使用。

在应用程序中，我们的服务器端 WebApi 应用程序将始终要求在标头中存在 JWT 令牌以进行授权。

从下面看

Make HTTP requests using IHttpClientFactory in ASP.NET Core

我创建了以下处理程序；

public class JwtTokenHeaderHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
    private readonly ILocalStorageService _localStorage;

    public JwtTokenHeaderHandler(ILocalStorageService localStorage)
    {
        _localStorage = localStorage;
    }

    protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(
        HttpRequestMessage request,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        if (!request.Headers.Contains("bearer"))
        {
            var savedToken = await _localStorage.GetItemAsync<string>("authToken");

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(savedToken))
            {
                request.Headers.Add("bearer", savedToken);
            }
        }

        return await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
    }
}

我使用Blazored.LocalStorage 从本地存储中获取保存的令牌并将其添加到标题中。

现在，此时我不确定该怎么做，好像我将以下内容添加到Blazor.Client Startup.cs;

services.AddTransient<JwtTokenHeaderHandler>();
services.AddHttpClient("JwtTokenHandler")
    .AddHttpMessageHandler<JwtTokenHeaderHandler>();

我收到错误消息；

“IServiceCollection”不包含“AddHttpClient”的定义 并且没有可访问的扩展方法“AddHttpClient”接受第一个 可以找到“IServiceCollection”类型的参数（您是否缺少 using 指令还是程序集引用？）

谁能指导我在这里做错了什么？

Answer 1

@Matthew Flynn，目前您不能在客户端 Blazor 上使用 IHttpClientFactory。

而且你不必从 HttpMessageHandler (DelegatingHandler) 派生。 Blazor 已经完成了这项工作。下面是一个扩展类，用于扩展 HttpClient 服务的功能，以便能够将 Jwt 令牌添加到请求消息的标头中...

ServiceExtensions.cs

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net.Http;
    using System.Net.Http.Headers;
    using System.Security.Claims;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

 public static class ServiceExtensions
    {    
     public static async Task<T> GetJsonAsync<T>(this HttpClient httpClient, string url, AuthenticationHeaderValue authorization)
            {
                var request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, url);
                request.Headers.Authorization = authorization;

                var response = await httpClient.SendAsync(request);
                var responseBytes = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();
                return JsonSerializer.Parse<T>(responseBytes, new JsonSerializerOptions { PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase });
            }
}

下面展示了如何调用 Web Api 上的端点，传递从 localStorage 读取的 Jwt 令牌。 （顺便说一下，这些版本都没有数据保护）

Index.razor

@page "/"

@inject ILocalStorageService localStorage
@inject HttpClient Http

<div class="mdc-card main-content-card">
    <h1 class="@MdcTypography.H4">Hello, world!</h1>

    Welcome to your new app.
</div>

// Razor content to display emloyees come here.....

@code {
Employee[] employees;

    protected override async Task OnInitAsync()
    {
        var token = await localStorage.GetTokenAsync();
        employees = await Http.GetJsonAsync<Employee[]>(
            "api/employees",
            new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token));
    }
}

希望这可行...如果没有，并且您无法解决错误，请来这里告诉社区...

Answer 2

我找到了一个非常好的教程和示例来演示这一点（完整的基于角色/策略的声明）： https://chrissainty.com/securing-your-blazor-apps-authentication-with-clientside-blazor-using-webapi-aspnet-core-identity/

这是下面的摘录，在默认 http 客户端（通过 DI）上设置默认请求标头。然后，对您的 Web api 的所有调用都将包含不记名令牌：

public class ApiAuthenticationStateProvider : AuthenticationStateProvider
{
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
    private readonly ILocalStorageService _localStorage;

    public ApiAuthenticationStateProvider(HttpClient httpClient, ILocalStorageService localStorage)
    {
        _httpClient = httpClient;
        _localStorage = localStorage;
    }
    public override async Task<AuthenticationState> GetAuthenticationStateAsync()
    {
        var savedToken = await _localStorage.GetItemAsync<string>("authToken");

        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(savedToken))
        {
            return new AuthenticationState(new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity()));
        }

        // **************    Set JWT header       ****************
        _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("bearer", savedToken);
        // *******************************************************

        return new AuthenticationState(new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(ParseClaimsFromJwt(savedToken), "jwt")));
    }
    // ...
}

Answer 3

您需要 NuGet 包Microsoft.Extensions.Http，其中包含 AddHttpClient 方法。使用以下命令安装它：Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Http -Version 3.0.0-preview7.19362.4

看起来，这个 NuGet 包是在服务器端 blazor 中自动提供的，但必须在客户端 blazor 中单独安装。

Answer 4

以下将 X-CSRF-TOKEN 标头添加到 http 请求中：

public class CustomHttpMessageHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime _js;
    public CustomHttpMessageHandler(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        _js = js;
    }

    protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        var afrt = await _js.InvokeAsync<string>("getCookie", ".AFRT");
        request.Headers.Add("X-CSRF-TOKEN", afrt);
        return await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
    }
}

在 Program.cs 中配置如下：

builder.Services.AddScoped<CustomHttpMessageHandler>();
builder.Services.AddHttpClient("ApiClient", client => client.BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.HostEnvironment.BaseAddress))
    .AddHttpMessageHandler<CustomHttpMessageHandler>();
builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>().CreateClient("ApiClient"));

您需要将 Microsoft.Extensions.Http 包安装到您的 blazor webassembly 客户端。