在 C# 中反序列化开放街道地图 JSON

Question

如果我有这个 JSON，其中有一个带有标签 version、generator、om3s 和 elements 的标头。 elements 可以是 node 或 way 类型，并且关联的 JSON 密钥因类型而异。我正在尝试使用 JsonSubTypes 将每个元素类型转换为 C# 类。

示例 JSON：

[
  {
    "version": 0.6,
    "generator": "Overpass API 0.7.55.7 8b86ff77",
    "osm3s": {
      "timestamp_osm_base": "2019-05-21T18:03:02Z",
      "copyright": "The data included in this document is from www.openstreetmap.org. The data is made available under ODbL."
    },
    "elements": [
      {
        "type": "node",
        "id": 4949106384,
        "lat": 32.2686857,
        "lon": -107.738218,
        "tags": {
          "highway": "turning_circle"
        }
      },
      {
        "type": "way",
        "id": 14527404,
        "nodes": [
          142882281,
          3048075541,
          1598998260
        ],
        "tags": {
          "highway": "residential",
          "name": "West Apple Street",
          "tiger:cfcc": "A41",
          "tiger:county": "Luna, NM",
          "tiger:name_base": "Apple",
          "tiger:name_direction_prefix": "W",
          "tiger:name_type": "St",
          "tiger:reviewed": "no"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
]

我正在尝试使用以下方法对其进行反序列化：

var json = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<OSMdata>(jsonText);

OSMdata 的样子：

[JsonConverter(typeof(JsonSubtypes), "type")]
[JsonSubtypes.KnownSubType(typeof(Element.Node), "node")]
[JsonSubtypes.KnownSubType(typeof(Element.Edge), "way")]

public abstract class OSMdata
{
    public float version { get; set; }
    public string generator { get; set; }
    public Osm3s osm3s { get; set; }
    public Element[] elements { get; set; }
}

public class Osm3s : OSMdata
{
    public DateTime timestamp_osm_base { get; set; }
    public string copyright { get; set; }
}

public class Element : OSMdata
{
    public class Node : Element
    {
        public string type { get; } = "node";
        public long id { get; set; }
        public float lat { get; set; }
        public float lon { get; set; }
        public NodeTags tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class NodeTags : Node
    {
        public string highway { get; set; }
        public string _ref { get; set; }
    }

    public class Edge : Element
    {
        public string type { get; } = "way";
        public long id { get; set; }
        public long[] nodes { get; set; }
        public EdgeTags tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class EdgeTags : Edge
    {
        public string highway { get; set; }
        public string name { get; set; }
        public string cfcc { get; set; }
        public string county { get; set; }
        public string oneway { get; set; }
    }
}

返回：

Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
   at System.RuntimeType.MakeGenericType(Type[] instantiation)
   at JsonSubTypes.JsonSubtypes.CreateCompatibleList(Type targetContainerType, Type elementType)
   at JsonSubTypes.JsonSubtypes.ReadArray(JsonReader reader, Type targetType, JsonSerializer serializer)
   at JsonSubTypes.JsonSubtypes.ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonSerializer serializer)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.DeserializeConvertable(JsonConverter converter, JsonReader reader, Type objectType, Object existingValue)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.Deserialize(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, Boolean checkAdditionalContent)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.DeserializeInternal(JsonReader reader, Type objectType)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(String value, Type type, JsonSerializerSettings settings)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject[T](String value, JsonSerializerSettings settings)
   at newapp.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\RDCRLDDH\source\repos\newapp\newapp\Program.cs:line 23

虽然我不理解此错误并正在寻找解决方案，但我希望澄清以下几个问题：

问题

我是否正确地构建了 OSMdata 类？我认为我正确地遵循了这些示例，但不确定我是否正确地将类 Node 和 Edge 分配给父类 OSMdata。

反序列化器如何知道将标签"tiger:cfcc" 分配给EdgeTags 中的Cfcc 属性？

Answer 1

如下声明你的类：

    // no longer abstract
    public class OSMdata
    {
        public float version { get; set; }
        public string generator { get; set; }
        public Osm3s osm3s { get; set; }

        // for arrays or collection this line must be present here
        [JsonConverter(typeof(JsonSubtypes), "type")]
        public Element[] elements { get; set; }
    }

    // no need to inherits from OSMData
    public class Osm3s
    {
        public DateTime timestamp_osm_base { get; set; }
        public string copyright { get; set; }
    }


    [JsonConverter(typeof(JsonSubtypes), "type")]
    [JsonSubtypes.KnownSubType(typeof(Node), "node")]
    [JsonSubtypes.KnownSubType(typeof(Edge), "way")]
    public abstract class Element : OSMdata
    {
        public abstract string type { get; }
    }

    public class Node : Element
    {
        public override string type { get; } = "node";
        public long id { get; set; }
        public float lat { get; set; }
        public float lon { get; set; }
        public NodeTags tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class NodeTags
    {
        public string highway { get; set; }
        public string _ref { get; set; }
    }

    public class Edge : Element
    {
        public override string type { get; } = "way";
        public long id { get; set; }
        public long[] nodes { get; set; }
        public EdgeTags tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class EdgeTags
    {
        public string highway { get; set; }
        public string name { get; set; }
        public string cfcc { get; set; }
        public string county { get; set; }
        public string oneway { get; set; }
    }

并反序列化：

var json = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<OSMdata>(jsonText);

查看运行示例：https://dotnetfiddle.net/pdJ0ab

Answer 2

我无法弄清楚如何直接从 JSON 反序列化，但找到了一个合适的解决方法，将 JSON 转换为 JArray 并遍历每个元素并转换为由节点和边组成的 C# 类。

使用类Element：

    [JsonConverter(typeof(JsonSubtypes), "type")]
    [JsonSubtypes.KnownSubType(typeof(Element.Node), "node")]
    [JsonSubtypes.KnownSubType(typeof(Element.Edge), "way")]

    public class Element
    {
        public class Node : Element

        {
            public string type { get; } = "node";
            public long id { get; set; }
            public float lat { get; set; }
            public float lon { get; set; }
            public NodeTags tags { get; set; }
        }

    public class NodeTags : Node
    {
        public string highway { get; set; }
        public string _ref { get; set; }
    }

    public class Edge : Element
    {
        public string type { get; } = "way";
        public long id { get; set; }
        public long[] nodes { get; set; }
        public EdgeTags tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class EdgeTags : Edge
    {
        [JsonProperty("highway")]
        public string Highway { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }


        [JsonProperty("tiger:cfcc")]
        public string cfcc { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("tiger:county")]
        public string County { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("oneway")]
        public string Oneway { get; set; }
    }

您可以使用以下方法解析 thje json：

JArray jsonSearch = JArray.Parse(jsonText);

然后您可以使用以下方法创建一个包含每个元素的列表：

IList<JToken> results = jsonSearch[0]["elements"].Children().ToList();

然后您可以遍历 results 并将数据转换为 C# 对象，使用：

var element_list = new List<Element>();

foreach (JObject element in results)
{
    Element myelement = element.ToObject<Element>();
    element_list.Add(myelement);
}

在我提出的问题中，第二个问题仍然相关。

在类中创建属性名称之前，您可以使用 JsonProperty 将具有无效名称的属性分配给 C# 类。

[JsonProperty("tiger:cfcc")]
public string cfcc { get; set; }

感谢@dbc 和其他有用的 cmets 为我指明了正确的方向！