【发布时间】:2016-09-27 03:43:38
【问题描述】:
我想计算一个大矩阵的总和,当我使用多个线程或只使用一个线程时,我目前没有看到任何性能改进。我认为问题与错误共享有关,但我还在我的结构中添加了一个填充。请看一看!
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define WIDTH 20000
pthread_mutex_t mylock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
struct split { // sizeof(split) = 24
int start;
int end;
int* matrix;
int i;
char padding[64 - 24]; //Padding the private sum variables forces them into separate cache lines and removes false sharing. Assume cache line is 64 bytes
};
int ran(){
return rand() % 21;
}
int* createBigMatrix(){
int* a = malloc(sizeof(int)* WIDTH * WIDTH);
for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH * WIDTH; i ++){
a[i] = ran(); // fill up the matrix with random numbers
}
return a;
}
static int finalSum;
void* partialSum(void* arg){
struct split* a = arg;
int totalSum = 0; // create local variable
int i;
for (i = a->start; i <= a->end; i ++){
totalSum += a->matrix[i];
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&mylock);
finalSum += totalSum; // critical section
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mylock);
free(a);
return 0;
}
int main(){ //-294925289
int useMultiThreads = 1; // there is no difference between using one thread or 4 therads
finalSum = 0;
pthread_t thread_ids[4];
// i want a square matrix of npages width
int* c = createBigMatrix();
printf("%lu\n", sizeof(struct split));
if (useMultiThreads){
// split the tasks evenly amoung 4 threads
// since there are 20,000x20,000, there must be 400,000,000 cells
int start[] = {0, 100000000, 200000000, 300000000};
int end[] = {99999999, 199999999, 299999999, 399999999};
// calculate sum
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++){
struct split* a = malloc(sizeof(struct split));
a->start = start[i];
a->end = end[i];
a->matrix = c;
pthread_create(thread_ids + i, NULL, partialSum, a);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++){ // join em up
pthread_join(thread_ids[i], NULL);
}
}
else { // use single thread
for (int i = 0; i <= 399999999; i ++){
finalSum += c[i];
}
}
printf("total sum is %d\n", finalSum);
/*
real 0m4.871s
user 0m4.844s
sys 0m0.392s
*/
free(c);
return 0;
}
【问题讨论】:
-
似乎没有太大的错误共享空间,因为线程使用的矩阵索引不重叠,无论如何,填充参数结构无济于事。你如何衡量总和所花费的时间?在我看来,这个过程的整体性能将由在求和开始之前创建和加载巨大的数组来主导?
-
小心你的索引,
int绝对不是大型矩阵的正确类型。还要将a->的使用排除在for循环之外。编译器无法知道*a是否会在后台发生变化,因此他必须在每次迭代时重新加载。您可以将a更改为restrict合格,但更简单的是将值(边界和矩阵)加载到局部变量中并在循环中使用它们。
标签: c caching concurrency pthreads false-sharing