将具有 C 依赖关系的 Python 库部署到 Heroku

Question

我在将我的项目部署到 Heroku 时有些沮丧。它依赖于一些用于占星术软件的 python 库，它们在我的本地机器上运行良好。但是其中一个库需要您下载一些文件并设置下载文件的路径才能运行，我认为它在构建过程中此时失败了。该库是对另一个最初用 C 编写的库的 Python 扩展。python 库是 here。我一直在查看一些文档 here 和 here 和 here，但我从未构建过 docker 映像，我什至不确定它是否能解决我的问题。我也想过添加一个新的 buildpack，但也不确定它是否能解决问题。我的错误如下，希望有人能指出我正确的方向。我主要是在找人告诉我我的问题是否可以通过 Docker 或其他方式解决，这样如果没有帮助，我就不会浪费时间沿着这条路走下去。谢谢。

Installing collected packages: pyswisseph
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839661+00:00 app[web.1]: Running setup.py install for pyswisseph: started
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839662+00:00 app[web.1]: Running setup.py install for pyswisseph: finished with status 'error'
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839662+00:00 app[web.1]:
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839801+00:00 app[web.1]: ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839814+00:00 app[web.1]: command: /app/.local/share/virtualenvs/app-4PlAip0Q
/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-djfmycyt
/pyswisseph/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-djfmycyt/pyswisseph/setup.py'"'"';
f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', 
'"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-
wheel-vuz1lu7j
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839815+00:00 app[web.1]: cwd: /tmp/pip-install-djfmycyt/pyswisseph/
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839815+00:00 app[web.1]: Complete output (23 lines):
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839816+00:00 app[web.1]: Searching system libswe...
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839816+00:00 app[web.1]: pkg-config not found
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839816+00:00 app[web.1]: Using internal libswe
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839817+00:00 app[web.1]: /app/.local/share/virtualenvs/app-4PlAip0Q
/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py:454: UserWarning: Normalizing '2.08.00-1' to 
'2.8.0.post1'

2020-05-20T00:01:48.839817+00:00 app[web.1]: warnings.warn(tmpl.format(**locals()))
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839818+00:00 app[web.1]: running bdist_wheel
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839818+00:00 app[web.1]: running build
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839818+00:00 app[web.1]: running build_ext
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839818+00:00 app[web.1]: building 'swisseph' extension
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839819+00:00 app[web.1]: creating build
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839819+00:00 app[web.1]: creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839819+00:00 app[web.1]: creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/libswe
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839820+00:00 app[web.1]: creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/swephelp
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839823+00:00 app[web.1]: gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare
 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -Ilibswe -Iswephelp -I/app/.local/share/virtualenvs
/app-4PlAip0Q/include -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m -c pyswisseph.c -o 
build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyswisseph.o -std=gnu99
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839824+00:00 app[web.1]: In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-
gnu/7/include-fixed/syslimits.h:7:0,
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839824+00:00 app[web.1]: from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-

fixed/limits.h:34,
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839825+00:00 app[web.1]: from /app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m/Python.h:11,
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839825+00:00 app[web.1]: from pyswisseph.c:58:
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839828+00:00 app[web.1]: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-fixed/limits.h:194:15: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839829+00:00 app[web.1]: #include_next <limits.h>  /* recurse down to the
 real one */
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839829+00:00 app[web.1]: ^~~~~~~~~~
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839829+00:00 app[web.1]: compilation terminated.
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839846+00:00 app[web.1]: error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839847+00:00 app[web.1]: ----------------------------------------
2020-05-20T00:01:48.839847+00:00 app[web.1]: ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyswisseph

编辑 - 以下是无法参考的示例 setup.py 代码：

# Test for pkg-config
has_pkgconfig = False
if swe_detection:
    print('Searching system libswe...')
    try:
        import subprocess
        try:
            subprocess.check_output(['pkg-config'], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        except AttributeError: # < Python 2.7
            # detection without pkg-config (or use popen)
            pass
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        has_pkgconfig = True
        print('Found pkg-config')
    except OSError:
        print('pkg-config not found')
        pass
    except ImportError: # Python < 2.4
        pass
    #

# Find libswe-dev
libswe_found = False
if has_pkgconfig:
    try:
        swe_includes = subprocess.check_output(
            ['pkg-config', '--cflags', 'libswe-'+swe_version],
            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        swe_libs = subprocess.check_output(
            ['pkg-config', '--libs', 'libswe-'+swe_version],
            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        swe_sources = []
        swe_depends = []
        swe_defines = [('PYSWE_DEFAULT_EPHE_PATH',
            '"/usr/share/libswe/ephe2:/usr/share/libswe/ephe"')]
        libswe_found = True
        print('pkg-config found libswe-'+swe_version)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass
    #

# Another attempt at finding libswe-dev -- without pkg-config
# (pkg-config may be uninstalled but pc file should be in place)
# (and assuming there is only one version installed...)
if ( swe_detection and not libswe_found
    and os.path.isfile( '/usr/lib/pkgconfig/libswe-'+swe_version+'.pc' )):
    swe_includes = ['/usr/include']
    swe_sources = []
    swe_depends = []
    swe_libs = ['swe']
    swe_defines = [('PYSWE_DEFAULT_EPHE_PATH',
        '"/usr/share/libswe/ephe2:/usr/share/libswe/ephe"')]
    print('Found system libswe')

Answer 1

我解决了我的问题。我认为构建过程变得令人费解，因为我有一个 Rails 应用程序试图运行 Python 脚本，而且我有两个不同的构建包，它们可能相互冲突。我只使用 Python/Flask 重写了我的应用程序（到目前为止，它只是用于测试部署的一页），这似乎有效（至少我没有导入/构建错误）。所以，对于任何看到这个问题的人来说，这就是我的解决办法。我使用 pipenv / a Pipfile 而不是 venv 或 virtualenv 和 gunicorn 来部署。