【发布时间】:2014-06-19 02:23:37
【问题描述】:
当我看到this 时,我正在阅读有关字符串排列生成的信息。以下是帖子中提到的代码:
// Program to print all permutations of a string in sorted order.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* Following function is needed for library function qsort(). Refer
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/qsort/ */
int compare (const void *a, const void * b)
{ return ( *(char *)a - *(char *)b ); }
// A utility function two swap two characters a and b
void swap (char* a, char* b)
{
char t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
// This function finds the index of the smallest character
// which is greater than 'first' and is present in str[l..h]
int findCeil (char str[], char first, int l, int h)
{
// initialize index of ceiling element
int ceilIndex = l;
// Now iterate through rest of the elements and find
// the smallest character greater than 'first'
for (int i = l+1; i <= h; i++)
if (str[i] > first && str[i] < str[ceilIndex])
ceilIndex = i;
return ceilIndex;
}
// Print all permutations of str in sorted order
void sortedPermutations ( char str[] )
{
// Get size of string
int size = strlen(str);
// Sort the string in increasing order
qsort( str, size, sizeof( str[0] ), compare );
// Print permutations one by one
bool isFinished = false;
while ( ! isFinished )
{
// print this permutation
printf ("%s \n", str);
// Find the rightmost character which is smaller than its next
// character. Let us call it 'first char'
int i;
for ( i = size - 2; i >= 0; --i )
if (str[i] < str[i+1])
break;
// If there is no such chracter, all are sorted in decreasing order,
// means we just printed the last permutation and we are done.
if ( i == -1 )
isFinished = true;
else
{
// Find the ceil of 'first char' in right of first character.
// Ceil of a character is the smallest character greater than it
int ceilIndex = findCeil( str, str[i], i + 1, size - 1 );
// Swap first and second characters
swap( &str[i], &str[ceilIndex] );
// Sort the string on right of 'first char'
qsort( str + i + 1, size - i - 1, sizeof(str[0]), compare );
}
}
}
// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
char str[] = "ABCD";
sortedPermutations( str );
return 0;
}
但此代码无法处理字符串具有重复字母(例如 abca)并因此生成重复排列的情况。
我们如何更改此算法以按字典顺序生成非重复排列。或者有其他方法可以吗?
【问题讨论】:
-
你认为字符串
abca的有效排列是什么? -
您是否尝试过重复运行此代码?
-
@500-InternalServerError...aabc,aacb,abac,abca,....等...共 12 个
-
我认为可以有一个解决方案,而不是对字符串 once 进行排序,然后生成排列。
-
@DavidEisenstat...我没有...虽然我现在有并且它有效,现在看起来很合乎逻辑。如果按字典顺序打印字符串,则只能连续打印重复项,并且此算法可确保不会发生这种情况...无论如何谢谢...
标签: c string algorithm permutation