更新的答案：新解决方案的效率略高。
您可以使用 Bit Manipulation Instruction Set 2 中的 pext 指令在没有循环的情况下执行此操作，
结合其他一些 SSE 指令。
/*
gcc -O3 -Wall -m64 -mavx2 -march=broadwell ind_nonz_avx.c
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <immintrin.h>
#include <stdint.h>
__m128i nonz_index(__m128i x){
/* Set some constants that will (hopefully) be hoisted out of a loop after inlining. */
uint64_t indx_const = 0xFEDCBA9876543210; /* 16 4-bit integers, all possible indices from 0 o 15 */
__m128i cntr = _mm_set_epi8(64,60,56,52,48,44,40,36,32,28,24,20,16,12,8,4);
__m128i pshufbcnst = _mm_set_epi8(0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x0E,0x0C,0x0A,0x08,0x06,0x04,0x02,0x00);
__m128i cnst0F = _mm_set1_epi8(0x0F);
__m128i msk = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(x,_mm_setzero_si128()); /* Generate 16x8 bit mask. */
msk = _mm_srli_epi64(msk,4); /* Pack 16x8 bit mask to 16x4 bit mask. */
msk = _mm_shuffle_epi8(msk,pshufbcnst); /* Pack 16x8 bit mask to 16x4 bit mask, continued. */
uint64_t msk64 = ~ _mm_cvtsi128_si64x(msk); /* Move to general purpose register and invert 16x4 bit mask. */
/* Compute the termination byte nonzmsk separately. */
int64_t nnz64 = _mm_popcnt_u64(msk64); /* Count the nonzero bits in msk64. */
__m128i nnz = _mm_set1_epi8(nnz64); /* May generate vmovd + vpbroadcastb if AVX2 is enabled. */
__m128i nonzmsk = _mm_cmpgt_epi8(cntr,nnz); /* nonzmsk is a mask of the form 0xFF, 0xFF, ..., 0xFF, 0, 0, ...,0 to mark the output positions without an index */
uint64_t indx64 = _pext_u64(indx_const,msk64); /* parallel bits extract. pext shuffles indx_const such that indx64 contains the nnz64 4-bit indices that we want.*/
__m128i indx = _mm_cvtsi64x_si128(indx64); /* Use a few integer instructions to unpack 4-bit integers to 8-bit integers. */
__m128i indx_024 = indx; /* Even indices. */
__m128i indx_135 = _mm_srli_epi64(indx,4); /* Odd indices. */
indx = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(indx_024,indx_135); /* Merge odd and even indices. */
indx = _mm_and_si128(indx,cnst0F); /* Mask out the high bits 4,5,6,7 of every byte. */
return _mm_or_si128(indx,nonzmsk); /* Merge indx with nonzmsk . */
}
int main(){
int i;
char w[16],xa[16];
__m128i x;
/* Example with bytes 15, 12, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 set. */
x = _mm_set_epi8(1,0,0,1, 0,0,0,0, 1,0,1,1, 1,1,1,1);
/* Other examples. */
/*
x = _mm_set_epi8(1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1);
x = _mm_set_epi8(0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0);
x = _mm_set_epi8(1,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0);
x = _mm_set_epi8(0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,1);
*/
__m128i indices = nonz_index(x);
_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)w,indices);
_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)xa,x);
printf("counter 15..0 ");for (i=15;i>-1;i--) printf(" %2d ",i); printf("\n\n");
printf("example xmm: ");for (i=15;i>-1;i--) printf(" %2d ",xa[i]); printf("\n");
printf("result in dec ");for (i=15;i>-1;i--) printf(" %2hhd ",w[i]); printf("\n");
printf("result in hex ");for (i=15;i>-1;i--) printf(" %2hhX ",w[i]); printf("\n");
return 0;
}
大约需要 5 条指令才能在不需要的位置获得 0xFF（终止字节）。
请注意，函数nonz_index 返回索引和仅返回终止字节的位置，实际上没有
插入终止字节，计算成本会低得多，并且可能适用于特定应用程序。
第一个终止字节的位置是nnz64>>2。
结果是：
$ ./a.out
counter 15..0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
example xmm: 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
result in dec -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 15 12 7 5 4 3 2 1 0
result in hex FF FF FF FF FF FF FF F C 7 5 4 3 2 1 0
英特尔 Haswell 处理器或更新版本支持 pext 指令。