用于检查 URL 状态的 PowerShell 脚本

Question

Similar to this question here 我正在尝试监控一组网站链接是否启动并运行或没有响应。我在 Internet 上找到了相同的 PowerShell 脚本。

但是，我需要检查更具体的链接，而不是直接的网站链接，例如：

http://mypage.global/Chemical/

http://maypage2:9080/portal/site/hotpot/

当我尝试检查这些链接的状态时，我得到以下输出：

URL    StatusCode    StatusDescription    ResponseLength    TimeTaken
http://mypage.global/Chemical/    0
http://maypage2:9080/portal/site/hotpot/    0

以上链接需要我连接到VPN，但我可以从浏览器访问这些链接。

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20259251/powershell-script-to-check-the-status-of-a-url 的输出：

PS C:\Users\682126> Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20259251/powershell-script-to-check-the-status-of-a-url

The term 'Invoke-WebRequest' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.

At line:1 char:18
+ Invoke-WebRequest <<<<  -Uri https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20259251/powershell-script-to-check-the-status-of-a-url > tmp.txt
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (Invoke-WebRequest:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

$PSVersionTable

Name                           Value
----                           -----
CLRVersion                     2.0.50727.5472
BuildVersion                   6.1.7601.17514
PSVersion                      2.0
WSManStackVersion              2.0
PSCompatibleVersions           {1.0, 2.0}
SerializationVersion           1.1.0.1
PSRemotingProtocolVersion      2.1

Answer 1

我最近设置了一个执行此操作的脚本。

正如 David Brabant 指出的那样，您可以使用 System.Net.WebRequest 类来执行 HTTP 请求。

要检查它是否可操作，您应该使用以下示例代码：

# First we create the request.
$HTTP_Request = [System.Net.WebRequest]::Create('http://google.com')

# We then get a response from the site.
$HTTP_Response = $HTTP_Request.GetResponse()

# We then get the HTTP code as an integer.
$HTTP_Status = [int]$HTTP_Response.StatusCode

If ($HTTP_Status -eq 200) {
    Write-Host "Site is OK!"
}
Else {
    Write-Host "The Site may be down, please check!"
}

# Finally, we clean up the http request by closing it.
If ($HTTP_Response -eq $null) { } 
Else { $HTTP_Response.Close() }

Answer 2

对于拥有 PowerShell 3 或更高版本（即 Windows Server 2012+ 或带有 the Windows Management Framework 4.0 update 的 Windows Server 2008 R2）的用户，您可以执行此单行操作，而不是调用 System.Net.WebRequest：

$statusCode = wget http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20259251/ | % {$_.StatusCode}

Answer 3

你可以试试这个：

function Get-UrlStatusCode([string] $Url)
{
    try
    {
        (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $Url -UseBasicParsing -DisableKeepAlive).StatusCode
    }
    catch [Net.WebException]
    {
        [int]$_.Exception.Response.StatusCode
    }
}

$statusCode = Get-UrlStatusCode 'httpstat.us/500'

Answer 4

$request = [System.Net.WebRequest]::Create('http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20259251/powershell-script-to-check-the-status-of-a-url')

$response = $request.GetResponse()

$response.StatusCode

$response.Close()

Answer 5

您必须将 Windows PowerShell 更新到最低版本 4.0，以下脚本才能正常工作。

[array]$SiteLinks = "http://mypage.global/Chemical/test.html"
"http://maypage2:9080/portal/site/hotpot/test.json"


foreach($url in $SiteLinks) {

   try {
      Write-host "Verifying $url" -ForegroundColor Yellow
      $checkConnection = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url
      if ($checkConnection.StatusCode -eq 200) {
         Write-Host "Connection Verified!" -ForegroundColor Green
      }

   } 
   catch [System.Net.WebException] {
      $exceptionMessage = $Error[0].Exception
      if ($exceptionMessage -match "503") {
         Write-Host "Server Unavaiable" -ForegroundColor Red
      }
      elseif ($exceptionMessage -match "404") {
         Write-Host "Page Not found" -ForegroundColor Red
      }


   }
}

Answer 6

以下是我用于基本 Web URL 测试的 PowerShell 代码。它包括接受无效证书和获取有关证书检查结果的详细信息的能力。

$CertificateValidatorClass = @'
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Net;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace CertificateValidation
{
    public class CertificateValidationResult
    {
        public string Subject { get; internal set; }
        public string Thumbprint { get; internal set; }
        public DateTime Expiration { get; internal set; }
        public DateTime ValidationTime { get; internal set; }
        public bool IsValid { get; internal set; }
        public bool Accepted { get; internal set; }
        public string Message { get; internal set; }

        public CertificateValidationResult()
        {
            ValidationTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
        }
    }

    public static class CertificateValidator
    {
        private static ConcurrentStack<CertificateValidationResult> certificateValidationResults = new ConcurrentStack<CertificateValidationResult>();

        public static CertificateValidationResult[] CertificateValidationResults
        {
            get
            {
                return certificateValidationResults.ToArray();
            }
        }

        public static CertificateValidationResult LastCertificateValidationResult
        {
            get
            {
                CertificateValidationResult lastCertificateValidationResult = null;
                certificateValidationResults.TryPeek(out lastCertificateValidationResult);

                return lastCertificateValidationResult;
            }
        }

        public static bool ServicePointManager_ServerCertificateValidationCallback(object sender, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate certificate, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Chain chain, System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
        {
            StringBuilder certificateValidationMessage = new StringBuilder();
            bool allowCertificate = true;

            if (sslPolicyErrors != System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.None)
            {
                if ((sslPolicyErrors & System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateNameMismatch) == System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateNameMismatch)
                {
                    certificateValidationMessage.AppendFormat("The remote certificate name does not match.\r\n", certificate.Subject);
                }

                if ((sslPolicyErrors & System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateChainErrors) == System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateChainErrors)
                {
                    certificateValidationMessage.AppendLine("The certificate chain has the following errors:");
                    foreach (System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ChainStatus chainStatus in chain.ChainStatus)
                    {
                        certificateValidationMessage.AppendFormat("\t{0}", chainStatus.StatusInformation);

                        if (chainStatus.Status == System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ChainStatusFlags.Revoked)
                        {
                            allowCertificate = false;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ((sslPolicyErrors & System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateNotAvailable) == System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateNotAvailable)
                {
                    certificateValidationMessage.AppendLine("The remote certificate was not available.");
                    allowCertificate = false;
                }

                System.Console.WriteLine();
            }
            else
            {
                certificateValidationMessage.AppendLine("The remote certificate is valid.");
            }

            CertificateValidationResult certificateValidationResult = new CertificateValidationResult
                {
                    Subject = certificate.Subject,
                    Thumbprint = certificate.GetCertHashString(),
                    Expiration = DateTime.Parse(certificate.GetExpirationDateString()),
                    IsValid = (sslPolicyErrors == System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.None),
                    Accepted = allowCertificate,
                    Message = certificateValidationMessage.ToString()
                };

            certificateValidationResults.Push(certificateValidationResult);
            return allowCertificate;
        }

        public static void SetDebugCertificateValidation()
        {
            ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = ServicePointManager_ServerCertificateValidationCallback;
        }

        public static void SetDefaultCertificateValidation()
        {
            ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = null;
        }

        public static void ClearCertificateValidationResults()
        {
            certificateValidationResults.Clear();
        }
    }
}
'@

function Set-CertificateValidationMode
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Sets the certificate validation mode.
    .DESCRIPTION
    Set the certificate validation mode to one of three modes with the following behaviors:
        Default -- Performs the .NET default validation of certificates. Certificates are not checked for revocation and will be rejected if invalid.
        CheckRevocationList -- Cerftificate Revocation Lists are checked and certificate will be rejected if revoked or invalid.
        Debug -- Certificate Revocation Lists are checked and revocation will result in rejection. Invalid certificates will be accepted. Certificate validation
                 information is logged and can be retrieved from the certificate handler.
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-CertificateValidationMode Debug
    .PARAMETER Mode
    The mode for certificate validation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
    param
    (
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateSet('Default', 'CheckRevocationList', 'Debug')]
        [string] $Mode
    )

    begin
    {
        $isValidatorClassLoaded = (([System.AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ?{ $_.GlobalAssemblyCache -eq $false }) | ?{ $_.DefinedTypes.FullName -contains 'CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator' }) -ne $null

        if ($isValidatorClassLoaded -eq $false)
        {
            Add-Type -TypeDefinition $CertificateValidatorClass
        }
    }

    process
    {
        switch ($Mode)
        {
            'Debug'
            {
                [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::CheckCertificateRevocationList = $true
                [CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator]::SetDebugCertificateValidation()
            }
            'CheckRevocationList'
            {
                [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::CheckCertificateRevocationList = $true
                [CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator]::SetDefaultCertificateValidation()
            }
            'Default'
            {
                [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::CheckCertificateRevocationList = $false
                [CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator]::SetDefaultCertificateValidation()
            }
        }
    }
}

function Clear-CertificateValidationResults
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Clears the collection of certificate validation results.
    .DESCRIPTION
    Clears the collection of certificate validation results.
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-CertificateValidationResults
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
    param()

    begin
    {
        $isValidatorClassLoaded = (([System.AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ?{ $_.GlobalAssemblyCache -eq $false }) | ?{ $_.DefinedTypes.FullName -contains 'CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator' }) -ne $null

        if ($isValidatorClassLoaded -eq $false)
        {
            Add-Type -TypeDefinition $CertificateValidatorClass
        }
    }

    process
    {
        [CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator]::ClearCertificateValidationResults()
        Sleep -Milliseconds 20
    }
}

function Get-CertificateValidationResults
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets the certificate validation results for all operations performed in the PowerShell session since the Debug cerificate validation mode was enabled.
    .DESCRIPTION
    Gets the certificate validation results for all operations performed in the PowerShell session since the Debug certificate validation mode was enabled in reverse chronological order.
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-CertificateValidationResults
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
    param()

    begin
    {
        $isValidatorClassLoaded = (([System.AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ?{ $_.GlobalAssemblyCache -eq $false }) | ?{ $_.DefinedTypes.FullName -contains 'CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator' }) -ne $null

        if ($isValidatorClassLoaded -eq $false)
        {
            Add-Type -TypeDefinition $CertificateValidatorClass
        }
    }

    process
    {
        return [CertificateValidation.CertificateValidator]::CertificateValidationResults
    }
}

function Test-WebUrl
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Tests and reports information about the provided web URL.
    .DESCRIPTION
    Tests a web URL and reports the time taken to get and process the request and response, the HTTP status, and the error message if an error occurred.
    .EXAMPLE
    Test-WebUrl 'http://websitetotest.com/'
    .EXAMPLE
    'https://websitetotest.com/' | Test-WebUrl
    .PARAMETER HostName
    The Hostname to add to the back connection hostnames list.
    .PARAMETER UseDefaultCredentials
    If present the default Windows credential will be used to attempt to authenticate to the URL; otherwise, no credentials will be presented.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Uri] $Url,
        [Parameter()]
        [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WebRequestMethod] $Method = 'Get',
        [Parameter()]
        [switch] $UseDefaultCredentials
    )

    process
    {
        [bool] $succeeded = $false
        [string] $statusCode = $null
        [string] $statusDescription = $null
        [string] $message = $null
        [int] $bytesReceived = 0
        [Timespan] $timeTaken = [Timespan]::Zero 

        $timeTaken = Measure-Command `
            {
                try
                {
                    [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HtmlWebResponseObject] $response = Invoke-WebRequest -UseDefaultCredentials:$UseDefaultCredentials -Method $Method -Uri $Url
                    $succeeded = $true
                    $statusCode = $response.StatusCode.ToString('D')
                    $statusDescription = $response.StatusDescription
                    $bytesReceived = $response.RawContent.Length

                    Write-Verbose "$($Url.ToString()): $($statusCode) $($statusDescription) $($message)"
                }
                catch [System.Net.WebException]
                {
                    $message = $Error[0].Exception.Message
                    [System.Net.HttpWebResponse] $exceptionResponse = $Error[0].Exception.GetBaseException().Response

                    if ($exceptionResponse -ne $null)
                    {
                        $statusCode = $exceptionResponse.StatusCode.ToString('D')
                        $statusDescription = $exceptionResponse.StatusDescription
                        $bytesReceived = $exceptionResponse.ContentLength

                        if ($statusCode -in '401', '403', '404')
                        {
                            $succeeded = $true
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Write-Warning "$($Url.ToString()): $($message)"
                    }
                }
            }

        return [PSCustomObject] @{ Url = $Url; Succeeded = $succeeded; BytesReceived = $bytesReceived; TimeTaken = $timeTaken.TotalMilliseconds; StatusCode = $statusCode; StatusDescription = $statusDescription; Message = $message; }
    }
}

Set-CertificateValidationMode Debug
Clear-CertificateValidationResults

Write-Host 'Testing web sites:'
'https://expired.badssl.com/', 'https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', 'https://self-signed.badssl.com/', 'https://untrusted-root.badssl.com/', 'https://revoked.badssl.com/', 'https://pinning-test.badssl.com/', 'https://sha1-intermediate.badssl.com/' | Test-WebUrl | ft -AutoSize

Write-Host 'Certificate validation results (most recent first):'
Get-CertificateValidationResults | ft -AutoSize

Answer 7

对于 powershell (7) 核心，这是有效的：

curl -I gourav.io

输出：

HTTP/1.1 308 Permanent Redirect
Date: Tue, 13 Apr 2021 20:29:43 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://gourav.io/
Refresh: 0;url=https://gourav.io/
server: Vercel
x-vercel-id: bom1::zfh9m-1618345783130-62d01e38e332

或

Invoke-WebRequest https://gourav.io

输出：

StatusCode        : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content           : <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><script async=""
                    src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-JF3BSQ1LL2"></script><script>
                                window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
                           …
RawContent        : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
...

Answer 8

我使用它并且工作，（如果链接可用，则返回“Ok”）但如果链接不工作，它会显示错误的红色字母。如何删除此 sn-p 上的错误报告？

$DownloadLink = "https://www.tightvnc.com/download/2.8.59/tightvnc-2.8.59-gpl-setup-bit.msi"

$NetAvailable = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $DownloadLink -UseBasicParsing -DisableKeepAlive -Method Head).StatusDescription

$NetAvailable = OK

    If ($NetAvailable -eq "OK") {Write-Host "Attempting Download";wget -O "$Destination\$FileName" "$DownloadLink"}
Else {"";Write-Warning "Could NOT Download, Manually Copy $ProgramName to $Destination BEFORE Proceeding!";"";PAUSE}

但是如果链接不起作用会给我一个错误，然后转到“Else” 它有效，我只想摆脱错误字母。