一开始我认为这是您的代码中的一些小问题。调试时我发现情况并非如此。从您的示例开始,我开发了另一个说明一些关键点的示例。
test.h:
#if !defined(TEST_DLL_H)
#define TEST_DLL_H
#if defined(_WIN32)
# if defined(TEST_EXPORTS)
# define TEST_API __declspec(dllexport)
# else
# define TEST_API __declspec(dllimport)
# endif
# define CALLING_CONVENTION __cdecl
#else
# define __TEXT(X) L##X
# define TEXT(X) __TEXT(X)
# define TEST_API
# define CALLING_CONVENTION
#endif
namespace TestDll {
typedef struct Simple_ {
wchar_t a[1024];
} Simple;
extern "C" {
TEST_API int CALLING_CONVENTION simple(Simple *pSimple);
TEST_API int CALLING_CONVENTION printStr(char *pStr);
TEST_API int CALLING_CONVENTION wprintWstr(wchar_t *pWstr);
TEST_API wchar_t* CALLING_CONVENTION wstr();
TEST_API void CALLING_CONVENTION clearWstr(wchar_t *pWstr);
}
};
#endif // TEST_DLL_H
test.cpp:
#define TEST_EXPORTS
#include "test.h"
#if defined(_WIN32)
# include <Windows.h>
#else
# include <wchar.h>
# define __FUNCTION__ "function"
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
//#include <iostream>
#define PRINT_MSG_0() printf("From C: - [%s] (%d) - [%s]\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__)
#define WPRINT_MSG_0() wprintf(L"From C: - [%s] (%d) - [%s]\n", TEXT(__FILE__), __LINE__, TEXT(__FUNCTION__))
#define DUMMY_TEXT_W L"Dummy text."
//using namespace std;
int TestDll::simple(Simple *pSimple) {
//std::wcout << pSimple->a << std::endl;
WPRINT_MSG_0();
int ret = wprintf(L"%s", pSimple->a);
wprintf(L"\n");
return ret;
}
int TestDll::printStr(char *pStr) {
PRINT_MSG_0();
int ret = printf("%s", pStr);
printf("\n");
return ret;
}
int TestDll::wprintWstr(wchar_t *pWstr) {
WPRINT_MSG_0();
int ret = wprintf(L"%s", pWstr);
wprintf(L"\n");
int len = wcslen(pWstr);
char *buf = (char*)pWstr;
wprintf(L"Hex (%d): ", len);
for (int i = 0; i < len * sizeof(wchar_t); i++)
wprintf(L"%02X ", buf[i]);
wprintf(L"\n");
return ret;
}
wchar_t *TestDll::wstr() {
wchar_t *ret = (wchar_t*)malloc((wcslen(DUMMY_TEXT_W) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
wcscpy(ret, DUMMY_TEXT_W);
return ret;
}
void TestDll::clearWstr(wchar_t *pWstr) {
free(pWstr);
}
main.cpp:
#include "test.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#if defined(_WIN32)
# include <Windows.h>
#endif
int main() {
char *text = "Hello, world!";
TestDll::Simple s = { TEXT("Hello, world!") };
int ret = simple(&s); // ??? Compiles even if namespace not specified here !!!
printf("\"simple\" returned %d\n", ret);
ret = TestDll::printStr("Hello, world!");
printf("\"printStr\" returned %d\n", ret);
ret = TestDll::wprintWstr(s.a);
printf("\"wprintWstr\" returned %d\n", ret);
return 0;
}
code.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import ctypes
DLL_NMAME = "./test.dll"
DUMMY_TEXT = "Hello, world!"
WCharArr1024 = ctypes.c_wchar * 1024
class SimpleStruct(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("a", WCharArr1024),
]
def main():
test_dll = ctypes.CDLL(DLL_NMAME)
simple_func = test_dll.simple
simple_func.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(SimpleStruct)]
simple_func.restype = ctypes.c_int
stuct_obj = SimpleStruct(a=DUMMY_TEXT)
print_str_func = test_dll.printStr
print_str_func.argtypes = [ctypes.c_char_p]
print_str_func.restype = ctypes.c_int
wprint_wstr_func = test_dll.wprintWstr
wprint_wstr_func.argtypes = [ctypes.c_wchar_p]
wprint_wstr_func.restype = ctypes.c_int
wstr_func = test_dll.wstr
wstr_func.argtypes = []
wstr_func.restype = ctypes.c_wchar_p
clear_wstr_func = test_dll.clearWstr
clear_wstr_func.argtypes = [ctypes.c_wchar_p]
clear_wstr_func.restype = None
#print("From PY: [{:s}]".format(stuct_obj.a))
ret = simple_func(ctypes.byref(stuct_obj))
print("\"{:s}\" returned {:d}".format(simple_func.__name__, ret))
ret = print_str_func(DUMMY_TEXT.encode())
print("\"{:s}\" returned {:d}".format(print_str_func.__name__, ret))
#ret = wprint_wstr_func(ctypes.cast(DUMMY_TEXT.encode(), ctypes.c_wchar_p))
ret = wprint_wstr_func(DUMMY_TEXT)
print("\"{:s}\" returned {:d}".format(wprint_wstr_func.__name__, ret))
s = wstr_func()
print("\"{:s}\" returned \"{:s}\"".format(wstr_func.__name__, s))
#clear_wstr_func(s)
if __name__ == "__main__":
#print("Python {:s} on {:s}\n".format(sys.version, sys.platform))
main()
变化:
- 移除了 C++ 层(以排除尽可能多的变量)并且仅依赖于 C
- 修改了代码以兼容 Nix(我已经在 Ubtu 上运行过它,但遇到了其他问题,我不打算讨论)
- 添加了更多功能(这是一个调试过程),以收集尽可能多的情报
- 进行了一些重命名、重构和其他不重要的更改
- 在调查时,我发现了一个有趣的问题(来自 main.cpp 的评论)。显然 simple 函数编译即使我没有预先声明它的命名空间。这不适用于其他函数。经过一些快速尝试,我意识到这是因为 Simple 参数(可能是因为它也是命名空间的一部分?)。无论如何,没有花太多时间,也没有深入了解它(还),可能是 Undefined Behavior (它只是因为愚蠢的运气才起作用)
- narrow 和wide 函数混用,这是一个NO - NO,仅用于调试/演示目的
输出:
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>"c:\Install\x86\Microsoft\Visual Studio Community\2015\vc\vcvarsall.bat" x64
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>dir /b
code.py
main.cpp
test.cpp
test.h
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>cl /nologo /DDLL /DUNICODE /MD /EHsc test.cpp /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:test.dll
test.cpp
Creating library test.lib and object test.exp
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>cl /nologo /DUNICODE /MD /EHsc main.cpp /link /NOLOGO /OUT:main.exe test.lib
main.cpp
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>dir /b
code.py
main.cpp
main.exe
main.obj
test.cpp
test.dll
test.exp
test.h
test.lib
test.obj
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>main.exe
From C: - [test.cpp] (23) - [TestDll::simple]
Hello, world!
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (31) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (39) - [TestDll::wprintWstr]
Hello, world!
Hex (13): 48 00 65 00 6C 00 6C 00 6F 00 2C 00 20 00 77 00 6F 00 72 00 6C 00 64 00 21 00
"wprintWstr" returned 13
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>"e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.06.08_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code.py
Python 3.6.8 (tags/v3.6.8:3c6b436a57, Dec 24 2018, 00:16:47) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 2 3 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : s i m p l e ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (31) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 3 9 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : w p r i n t W s t r ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
H e x ( 1 3 ) : 4 8 0 0 6 5 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 F 0 0 2 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 6 F 0 0 7 2 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 4 0 0 2 1 0 0
"wprintWstr" returned 13
"wstr" returned "Dummy text."
- 好像是Python相关
- 字符串本身并没有弄乱(它们的长度和 wprintf 返回值是正确的)。这更像是 stdout 是罪魁祸首
然后,我更进一步:
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>for /f %f in ('dir /b "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064*"') do ("e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\%f\Scripts\python.exe" code.py)
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>("e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_02.07.15_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code.py )
Python 2.7.15 (v2.7.15:ca079a3ea3, Apr 30 2018, 16:30:26) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
From C: - [test.cpp] (23) - [TestDll::simple]
Hello, world!
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (31) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (39) - [TestDll::wprintWstr]
Hello, world!
Hex (13): 48 00 65 00 6C 00 6C 00 6F 00 2C 00 20 00 77 00 6F 00 72 00 6C 00 64 00 21 00
"wprintWstr" returned 13
"wstr" returned "Dummy text."
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>("e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.04.04_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code.py )
Python 3.4.4 (v3.4.4:737efcadf5a6, Dec 20 2015, 20:20:57) [MSC v.1600 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
From C: - [test.cpp] (23) - [TestDll::simple]
Hello, world!
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (31) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (39) - [TestDll::wprintWstr]
Hello, world!
Hex (13): 48 00 65 00 6C 00 6C 00 6F 00 2C 00 20 00 77 00 6F 00 72 00 6C 00 64 00 21 00
"wprintWstr" returned 13
"wstr" returned "Dummy text."
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>("e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.05.04_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code.py )
Python 3.5.4 (v3.5.4:3f56838, Aug 8 2017, 02:17:05) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 2 3 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : s i m p l e ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (31) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 3 9 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : w p r i n t W s t r ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
H e x ( 1 3 ) : 4 8 0 0 6 5 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 F 0 0 2 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 6 F 0 0 7 2 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 4 0 0 2 1 0 0
"wprintWstr" returned 13
"wstr" returned "Dummy text."
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>("e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.06.08_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code.py )
Python 3.6.8 (tags/v3.6.8:3c6b436a57, Dec 24 2018, 00:16:47) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 2 3 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : s i m p l e ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (31) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 3 9 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : w p r i n t W s t r ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
H e x ( 1 3 ) : 4 8 0 0 6 5 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 F 0 0 2 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 6 F 0 0 7 2 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 4 0 0 2 1 0 0
"wprintWstr" returned 13
"wstr" returned "Dummy text."
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>("e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.07.02_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code.py )
Python 3.7.2 (tags/v3.7.2:9a3ffc0492, Dec 23 2018, 23:09:28) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 2 3 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : s i m p l e ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (31) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
F r o m C : - [ t e s t . c p p ] ( 3 9 ) - [ T e s t D l l : : w p r i n t W s t r ]
H e l l o , w o r l d !
H e x ( 1 3 ) : 4 8 0 0 6 5 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 F 0 0 2 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 6 F 0 0 7 2 0 0 6 C 0 0 6 4 0 0 2 1 0 0
"wprintWstr" returned 13
"wstr" returned "Dummy text."
正如所见,从 Python 3.5 开始,该行为是可重现的。
我以为是因为[Python]: PEP 529 -- Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8,但这仅适用于版本3.6。
然后我开始阅读,(我什至尝试在 Python 3.4 和 Python 3.5 之间进行区分)但没有多大成功。我看过的一些文章:
然后我注意到[SO]: Output unicode strings in Windows console app (@DuckMaestro's answer)并开始玩[MS.Docs]: _setmode。
添加:
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
static int set_stdout_mode(int mode) {
fflush(stdout);
int ret = _setmode(_fileno(stdout), mode);
return ret;
}
并在 test.cpp 中像 int stdout_mode = set_stdout_mode(_O_TEXT); 一样调用它,然后从 C 输出任何内容(和 C++ :std::wcout 行未注释),产生:
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q054269984>"e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.06.08_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code.py
Python 3.6.8 (tags/v3.6.8:3c6b436a57, Dec 24 2018, 00:16:47) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Hello, world!
From C: - [test.cpp] (32) - [TestDll::simple]
Hello, world!
"simple" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (40) - [TestDll::printStr]
Hello, world!
"printStr" returned 13
From C: - [test.cpp] (48) - [TestDll::wprintWstr]
Hello, world!
Hex (13): 48 00 65 00 6C 00 6C 00 6F 00 2C 00 20 00 77 00 6F 00 72 00 6C 00 64 00 21 00
"wprintWstr" returned 13
"wstr" returned "Dummy text."
- 虽然它有效,但我不知道为什么。可能是未定义的行为
- 尝试输出真正的 Unicode 字符,但不起作用(很可能)
- 您可以在 Python 方面实现相同的目标:
msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), 0x4000)