【发布时间】:2016-11-27 20:56:39
【问题描述】:
我想检查在我的代码中应用 boost::variant 的程序集输出,以查看哪些中间调用被优化掉了。
当我编译以下示例时(使用 GCC 5.3 使用 g++ -O3 -std=c++14 -S),编译器似乎优化了所有内容并直接返回 100:
(...)
main:
.LFB9320:
.cfi_startproc
movl $100, %eax
ret
.cfi_endproc
(...)
#include <boost/variant.hpp>
struct Foo
{
int get() { return 100; }
};
struct Bar
{
int get() { return 999; }
};
using Variant = boost::variant<Foo, Bar>;
int run(Variant v)
{
return boost::apply_visitor([](auto& x){return x.get();}, v);
}
int main()
{
Foo f;
return run(f);
}
但是,完整的汇编输出包含的内容远不止上面的摘录,在我看来,它从未被调用过。 有没有办法告诉 GCC/clang 消除所有“噪音”,只输出程序运行时实际调用的内容?
完整的汇编输出:
.file "main1.cpp"
.section .rodata.str1.8,"aMS",@progbits,1
.align 8
.LC0:
.string "/opt/boost/include/boost/variant/detail/forced_return.hpp"
.section .rodata.str1.1,"aMS",@progbits,1
.LC1:
.string "false"
.section .text.unlikely._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,comdat
.LCOLDB2:
.section .text._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,comdat
.LHOTB2:
.p2align 4,,15
.weak _ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v
.type _ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v, @function
_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v:
.LFB1197:
.cfi_startproc
subq $8, %rsp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
movl $_ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, %ecx
movl $49, %edx
movl $.LC0, %esi
movl $.LC1, %edi
call __assert_fail
.cfi_endproc
.LFE1197:
.size _ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v, .-_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v
.section .text.unlikely._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,comdat
.LCOLDE2:
.section .text._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_v,comdat
.LHOTE2:
.section .text.unlikely._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,comdat
.LCOLDB3:
.section .text._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,comdat
.LHOTB3:
.p2align 4,,15
.weak _ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v
.type _ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v, @function
_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v:
.LFB9757:
.cfi_startproc
subq $8, %rsp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
movl $_ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, %ecx
movl $39, %edx
movl $.LC0, %esi
movl $.LC1, %edi
call __assert_fail
.cfi_endproc
.LFE9757:
.size _ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v, .-_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v
.section .text.unlikely._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,comdat
.LCOLDE3:
.section .text._ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,"axG",@progbits,_ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v,comdat
.LHOTE3:
.section .text.unlikely,"ax",@progbits
.LCOLDB4:
.text
.LHOTB4:
.p2align 4,,15
.globl _Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooJ3BarEEE
.type _Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooJ3BarEEE, @function
_Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooJ3BarEEE:
.LFB9310:
.cfi_startproc
subq $8, %rsp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
movl (%rdi), %eax
cltd
xorl %edx, %eax
cmpl $19, %eax
ja .L7
jmp *.L9(,%rax,8)
.section .rodata
.align 8
.align 4
.L9:
.quad .L30
.quad .L10
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.quad .L7
.text
.p2align 4,,10
.p2align 3
.L7:
call _ZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_v
.p2align 4,,10
.p2align 3
.L30:
movl $100, %eax
.L8:
addq $8, %rsp
.cfi_remember_state
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 8
ret
.p2align 4,,10
.p2align 3
.L10:
.cfi_restore_state
movl $999, %eax
jmp .L8
.cfi_endproc
.LFE9310:
.size _Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooJ3BarEEE, .-_Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooJ3BarEEE
.section .text.unlikely
.LCOLDE4:
.text
.LHOTE4:
.globl _Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooI3BarEEE
.set _Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooI3BarEEE,_Z3runN5boost7variantI3FooJ3BarEEE
.section .text.unlikely
.LCOLDB5:
.section .text.startup,"ax",@progbits
.LHOTB5:
.p2align 4,,15
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB9320:
.cfi_startproc
movl $100, %eax
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE9320:
.size main, .-main
.section .text.unlikely
.LCOLDE5:
.section .text.startup
.LHOTE5:
.section .rodata
.align 32
.type _ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, @object
.size _ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, 58
_ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIvEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__:
.string "T boost::detail::variant::forced_return() [with T = void]"
.align 32
.type _ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, @object
.size _ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, 57
_ZZN5boost6detail7variant13forced_returnIiEET_vE19__PRETTY_FUNCTION__:
.string "T boost::detail::variant::forced_return() [with T = int]"
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 5.3.0-3ubuntu1~14.04) 5.3.0 20151204"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
【问题讨论】:
-
gcc 不会因为没有更好的事情可做而生成无用的代码。为了正确构建和链接 C++ 源代码,需要所有这些“噪音”:boost 的所有包袱的 RTTI 等等……如果你想摆脱所有这些噪音,请不要使用 boost。
-
所以,编写一个简单的 Perl 脚本来去除不需要的绒毛。
-
@Sam:很多标签,比如
.LCOLDE3:/.LHOTE3:都是纯噪声。我认为它们不会影响目标文件,甚至不会影响符号表或其他元数据。 (是的,剥离它是一个已解决的问题:godbolt.org 背后的脚本在 github 上是开源的)。对于查看代码,我还会推荐gcc.godbolt.org(与-O3 -Wall -Wextra -march=...)。但请记住,当您只想查看 asm 时,请忽略main()并使用编译时常量调用它,这样您就可以查看处理函数 arg 的代码。 -
g++ -g -O3 -std=c++14 -c test.cc -o test.o && objdump -dS test.o