使用 Vagrant 在没有 VirtualBox 的情况下使用 KVM/qemu 设置 VM

Question

我正在开始使用 Vagrant，并希望将它与 KVM/qemu（和 Virtual Machine Manager GUI）一起使用，而不是安装 VirtualBox。所以我先安装了 Vagrant：

$ vagrant --version
Vagrant 1.9.1

$ vagrant box list
There are no installed boxes! Use `vagrant box add` to add some

作为per these posts，我需要vagrant-libvirt 才能使其与KVM 一起使用，所以我接下来安装了它：

$ vagrant plugin list
vagrant-libvirt (0.0.37)
vagrant-share (1.1.6, system)

接下来，我使用vagrant box add "centos/7" 添加一个CentOS(7) 框，并在出现提示时选择libvirt。之后，我运行vagrant init 并没有遇到任何错误：

$ vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

但是，vagrant up 似乎出错了，如下所示：

$ vagrant up
No usable default provider could be found for your system.

Vagrant relies on interactions with 3rd party systems, known as
"providers", to provide Vagrant with resources to run development
environments. Examples are VirtualBox, VMware, Hyper-V.

The easiest solution to this message is to install VirtualBox, which
is available for free on all major platforms.

If you believe you already have a provider available, make sure it
is properly installed and configured. You can see more details about
why a particular provider isn't working by forcing usage with
`vagrant up --provider=PROVIDER`, which should give you a more specific
error message for that particular provider.

• 这是Vagrantfile

  中的provider部分

  config.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|
      domain.driver = "qemu"
      domain.memory = 512
      domain.cpus = 1
  end
  

• 我尝试将其修改为：

  config.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|
      domain.driver = "kvm"
      domain.host = 'localhost'
      domain.uri = 'qemu:///system'
      domain.memory = 512
      domain.cpus = 1
  end
  

• 我也试过vagrant up --provider=kvm、vagrant up --provider=qemu和vagrant up --provider=libvirt，但无济于事。

有没有我遗漏的步骤？还是需要安装其他包/依赖项？

编辑： 使用 vagrant 添加centos/7 后，运行vagrant box list 时显示。

$ vagrant box list
centos/7 (libvirt, 1611.01)

Answer 1

使用命令启动 vagrant box

vagrant up --provider=kvm

虽然https://seven.centos.org/2017/08/updated-centos-vagrant-images-available-v1707-01/已经说过

vagrant-libvirt 插件只兼容 Vagrant 1.5 到 1.8

Answer 2

您可以使用命令行选项--provider=kvm，也可以设置VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER 环境变量：

export VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER=kvm  # <-- may be in ~/.profile, /etc/profile, or elsewhere

vagrant up

Answer 3

vagrant-libvirt(0.0.40) 如果您运行 Ruby 2.3，至少在 Linux Mint 18.3 (Ubuntu 16.04) 上与 Vagrant 2.0.2 兼容。我使用了 vagrantUp 网站上 Debian 下载的 vagrant，并使用它安装了插件，没有任何问题。