在 Python 中增加分数系统

Question

:D 我用 Python 制作了一个小石头剪刀布游戏，只是为了好玩和练习，我一直在尝试实现一个小评分系统，它似乎不想正常工作，我不确定如何解决问题。

import random
import messages

def gameOn():
  choice = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]

  computer_choice = random.choice(choice)
  player_choice = input("Please chose Rock/Paper/Scissors: ")
  player_choice = player_choice.lower()
  total_score = 0

  while True:

    #Makes sure the user enters a valid option.
    if player_choice not in("rock", "paper", "scissors"):
      print("Choice is not correct!")

    #Prints in case both the computer and the player chose the same option.
    elif computer_choice == player_choice:
      print("You chose the same.")
    
    #Computer choses ROCK.
    elif computer_choice == "rock" and player_choice == "paper":
      print(messages.win[0])
      total_score += 1
      print(total_score)
    elif computer_choice == "rock" and player_choice == "scissors":
      print(messages.lose[0])

    #Computer choses PAPER.
    elif computer_choice == "paper" and player_choice == "rock":
      print(messages.lose[1])
    elif computer_choice == "paper" and player_choice == "scissors":
      print(messages.win[1])
      total_score += 1
      print(total_score)

    #Computer choses SCISSORS.
    elif computer_choice == "scissors" and player_choice == "rock":
      print(messages.win[2])
      total_score += 1
      print(total_score)
    elif computer_choice == "scissors" and player_choice == "paper":
      print(messages.lose[2])
      
    #Asks the user if he/she wants to play again and restarts the loop if so.
    answer = input("Would you like to play again or see your score? Yes/No/Score ")
    if answer in ("yes", "Yes", "y", "Y", "yup"):
      print("Game starting again!")
      gameOn()
    elif answer in ("Score", "score"):
      print("Your total score is " + str(total_score)) 
      answer = input("Would you like to play again or see your score? Yes/No/Score ")
      print("Game starting again!")
      gameOn()
    else:
      print("Goodbye!")
    break

gameOn()

增量本身有效，但我想做的是，如果玩家赢得多轮比赛并在最后写下“分数”，他应该能够看到他获得的所有分数。目前，每次新游戏开始时，得分变量都会重置，因此如果他赢得了回合，则使用的得分始终为 0 或 1。我怎样才能防止这种行为？ 非常感谢：D，我希望这不是一个太愚蠢的问题。

Answer 1

我不建议为此使用递归。您也不应该需要使用全局变量。

我宁愿在你的 gameOn 函数中循环使用 while True 并在玩家想要退出时中断，这样你的分数就会保持在范围内。

还有你的“选择不正确！”由于缩进而无法正常工作。

import random
import messages

def gameOn():
        choice = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]
        total_score = 0

    while True:    
        computer_choice = random.choice(choice)
        player_choice = input("Please chose Rock/Paper/Scissors: ")
        player_choice = player_choice.lower()

        while True:
            #Makes sure the user enters a valid option.
            if player_choice in("rock", "paper", "scissors"):
                break
            print("Choice is not correct!")

        #Prints in case both the computer and the player chose the same option.
        elif computer_choice == player_choice:
            print("You chose the same.")
    
        #Computer choses ROCK.
        elif<computer_choice == "rock" and player_choice == "paper":
            print(messages.win[0])
            total_score += 1
            print(total_score)
        elif computer_choice == "rock" and player_choice == "scissors":
            print(messages.lose[0])

        #Computer choses PAPER.
        elif computer_choice == "paper" and player_choice == "rock":
            print(messages.lose[1])
        elif computer_choice == "paper" and player_choice == "scissors":
            print(messages.win[1])
            total_score += 1
            print(total_score)

        #Computer choses SCISSORS.
        elif computer_choice == "scissors" and player_choice == "rock":
            print(messages.win[2])
            total_score += 1
            print(total_score)
        elif computer_choice == "scissors" and player_choice == "paper":
        print(messages.lose[2])
  
        #Asks the user if he/she wants to play again and restarts the loop if so.
        answer = input("Would you like to play again or see your score? Yes/No/Score ")

        if answer in ("Score", "score"):
            print("Your total score is " + str(total_score)) 
            answer = input("Would you like to play again or see your score? Yes/No/Score ")
            print("Game starting again!")
        elif answer in ("yes", "Yes", "y", "Y", "yup"):
            print("Game starting again!")
        else:
            print("Goodbye!")
            break #this makes your game stop

gameOn()

Answer 2

我建议为你的 gameOn 函数定义一个参数，所以它看起来像这样：

def gameOn(total_score=0):
  # REMOVE this following line:
  total_score = 0
  # because we already defined it on parameter

  # when user wins, and you call the function again,
  # give current total_score to it
  gameOn(total_score)

由于在每个函数调用中您都给出了当前分数，现在您的应用应该能够跟踪实际总分

Answer 3

根据“每次新游戏开始”的含义，有 2 种不同的方法来回答这个问题。

如果多次调用gameOn 函数，是否要保留分数？
或者如果您再次运行程序，您是否也想保留分数？

在gameOn 调用之间保持分数

问题是您的 total_score 变量的范围，它是本地的。因此，在每次执行 gameOn 后都会对其进行清理。解决此问题的最简单方法是将其设置为全局：

import random
import messages

# Total score is initialized outside of any game
total_score = 0

def gameOn():
  choice = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]

  computer_choice = random.choice(choice)
  player_choice = input("Please chose Rock/Paper/Scissors: ")
  player_choice = player_choice.lower()
  global total_score
  # Then the rest of your existing function
  # ...

建议：随着时间的推移，您会在 Python 中变得更好，并且您会意识到这种全局变量通常被认为是不好的，因为它缺乏隔离性。对于较大的项目，依赖全局定义的东西会使代码更难发展，增加开发人员的认知负担，更难测试……但对于这么小的脚本来说，这完全没问题。 我的观点是：它很方便，但请记住还有其他方法可以做到这一点。在这种情况下，它们更复杂，并且设计过度，但关键不应该被认为是“只要我想保持一个状态，就需要使用全局变量”;)

在运行之间保持分数。

如果您的目标是在每次运行脚本之间保持分数，那么您需要将其保存在当前 Python 会话内存的“外部”。
一种非常简单的方法是将其保存到文件中。 Python 的内置 pickle 库就是为此而设计的（还有许多其他选项，取决于您是否希望它可以被其他程序或人类使用。当它仅用于 Python 时，pickle 超级简单和快速可靠）

在这种情况下，您需要：

• 游戏开始时加载现有分数，如果现有分数存在
• 在游戏结束时保存

import random
import messages
import pickle
import os


def gameOn():
  choice = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]

  computer_choice = random.choice(choice)
  player_choice = input("Please chose Rock/Paper/Scissors: ")
  player_choice = player_choice.lower()
 
  score_file = "score.dat"
  # Check if an existing score existed
  if os.path.isfile(score_file):
      with open(score_file, "rb") as f:
        total_score = pickle.load(f)
  else:
      total_score = 0

  # Then the rest of your existing function
  # ...
  # and at the end of the function, we save the score to the file
  with open(score_file, "wb") as f:
      pickle.dump(total_score, f)

这应该可以为您指明您真正想要实现的目标。