【发布时间】：2021-09-23 01:11:11
【问题描述】：
我正在使用 netlink 套接字将用户 python 代码与 linux 内核通信，我可以正确地从用户向内核发送消息，但我无法从内核返回响应。 它在我的内核代码中显示：“向用户发送 bak 时出错..”
我尝试了所有方法来获取响应消息： recv ， recvfrom recvmsg ，然后我的目的是打开它以获取响应的有效负载，格式为： response_message = header + payload， 但用户始终未能得到响应。 我在执行用户 python 代码时得到这个：
pid of sock : 1
seq number of sock : 0
pid of the message send to kernel: 1
seq number of the message send to kernel : 0
return of send 21
waiting for kernel ..
在内核端检查 syslog 文件时我发现：
Jul 14 03:57:32 Bob kernel: [12381.663131] Kernel received :hello id:XXXX!
Jul 14 03:57:32 Bob kernel: [12381.663132] python pid :1 XXXX
Jul 14 03:57:32 Bob kernel: [12381.663133] seq newsock : 0 id:XXXX!
Jul 14 03:57:32 Bob kernel: [12381.663134] Error while sending back to user id:XXXX!
我在想这个问题可能是由于发送者和接收者的消息之间的seq号可能无效 所以我尝试添加标志（NLM_F_REQUEST）并使用其他消息类型（MSG_SETCFG = 11，MSG_GETCFG = 12）但它没有工作
任何熟悉 netlink socket 的人都可以帮我找出解决这种情况的人
这里是我的用户 python 代码：
import os
import socket
import struct
import ctypes
# types
NLMSG_NOOP = 1
NLMSG_ERROR = 2
NLMSG_DONE = 3
NLMSG_OVERRUN = 4
MSG_SETCFG = 11
MSG_GETCFG = 12
NLMSG_MIN_TYPE = 0x10
# flags
NLM_F_REQUEST = 1
NLM_F_MULTI = 2
NLM_F_ACK = 4
NLM_F_ECHO = 8
class Message:
def __init__(self, msg_type, flags=0, seq=-1, payload=None):
self.type = msg_type
self.flags = flags
self.seq = seq
self.pid = 1
payload = payload or []
if isinstance(payload, list):
contents = []
for attr in payload:
contents.append(attr._dump())
self.payload = b''.join(contents)
else:
self.payload = payload
def send(self, conn):
if self.seq == -1:
self.seq = conn.seq()
self.pid = conn.pid
length = len(self.payload)
hdr = struct.pack("IHHII", length + 4 * 4, self.type,
self.flags, self.seq, self.pid)
conn.send(hdr + bytes(self.payload, 'utf-8'))
class Connection(object):
"""
Object representing Netlink socket connection to the kernel.
"""
def __init__(self, nlservice=31, groups=0):
# nlservice = Netlink IP service
self.fd = socket.socket(socket.AF_NETLINK, socket.SOCK_RAW, nlservice)
self.fd.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 65536)
self.fd.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 65536)
self.fd.bind((0, groups)) # pid=0 lets kernel assign socket PID
self.pid, self.groups = self.fd.getsockname()
self.pid = 1
self._seq = 0
def send(self, msg):
if isinstance(msg, Message):
if msg.seq == -1:
msg.seq = self.seq()
#msg.seq = 1
msg.pid = self.pid
length = len(msg.payload)
hdr = struct.pack("IHHII", length + 4 * 4, msg.type,
msg.flags, msg.seq, msg.pid)
msg = hdr + msg.payload.encode('utf-8')
return self.fd.send(msg)
def recve(self):
#data, (nlpid, nlgrps) = self.fd.recvfrom(16384)
data = self.fd.recv(16384)
msglen, msg_type, flags, seq, pid = struct.unpack("IHHII", data[:16])
msg = Message(msg_type, flags, seq, data[16:])
msg.pid = pid
if msg_type == NLMSG_DONE:
print("payload :", msg.payload)
print("msg.pid :", msg.pid)
print("msg.seq :", msg.seq)
if msg.type == NLMSG_ERROR:
errno = -struct.unpack("i", msg.payload[:4])[0]
if errno != 0:
err = OSError("Netlink error: %s (%d)" % (
os.strerror(errno), errno))
err.errno = errno
print("err :",err)
raise err
#return msg.payload
return msg
def seq(self):
self._seq += 1
return self._seq
sock = Connection()
var = 'hello'
msg1 = Message(3,0,-1,var)
print("pid of sock :", sock.pid)
print ("seq number of sock :",sock._seq)
#res1 = msg1.send(sock)
res1 = sock.send(msg1)
print("pid of the message send to kernel: ", msg1.pid)
print("seq number of the message send to kernel : ", msg1.seq)
print("return of send ", res1)
while 1:
print("waiting for kernel ..")
#msgreply = sock.fd.recvmsg(16384)
res2 = sock.recve()
print("return of recive ", res2)
这是我的内核代码：
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <net/mptcp.h>
/********Test deb***********/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <linux/socket.h>
#include <linux/net.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/inetdevice.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
/****** other lib for other test github ******/
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <net/net_namespace.h>
#define NETLINK_USER 31
#define MSG_SETCFG 0x11
#define MSG_GETCFG 0x12
//#define NETLINK_USERROCK 31
struct sock *nl_sk = NULL;
static void hello_nl_recv_msg(struct sk_buff *skb) {
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
int pid, seq;
struct sk_buff *skb_out;
int msg_size;
char *msg="Helloo";
char *msgg;
int res;
char *recive;
//printk(KERN_DEBUG "KERNEL MODE id:XXXX!\n");
printk(KERN_INFO "Entering: %s id:XXXX!\n", __FUNCTION__);
msg_size = strlen(msg);
////recive ////
nlh=(struct nlmsghdr*)skb->data;
//nlh = nlmsg_hdr(skb);
msgg=(char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
printk(KERN_INFO "Kernel received :%s id:XXXX!\n",msgg);
pid = nlh->nlmsg_pid; //pid of sending process /
//pid = 1; //just set it to 1 like we did in python
printk(KERN_INFO "python pid :%d XXXX", pid);
////////end recive /
///////sending message /
skb_out = nlmsg_new(msg_size,0);
if(!skb_out) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to allocate new skb id:XXXX!\n");
return;
}
//nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, 0, 1, NLMSG_DONE, msg_size + 1, 0);
nlh=nlmsg_put(skb_out,0,0,NLMSG_DONE,msg_size, 0);
NETLINK_CB(skb_out).dst_group = 0; //not in mcast group /
strncpy(nlmsg_data(nlh),msg,msg_size);
seq = nlh->nlmsg_seq;
printk(KERN_INFO "seq newsock : %d id:XXXX!\n", seq);
if(!nlmsg_data(nlh)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to copy the message skbout id:XXXX!\n");
return;
}
//printk(KERN_INFO "copied message :" , nlmsg_data(nlh));
//changed pid to 0
res=nlmsg_unicast(nl_sk,skb_out, pid);
if(res<0)
printk(KERN_INFO "Error while sending back to user id:XXXX!\n");
/////end send /
}
static int __init hello_init(void) {
printk("Entering: %s id:XXXX!\n",__FUNCTION__);
//This is for 3.6 kernels and above.
struct netlink_kernel_cfg cfg = {
.input = hello_nl_recv_msg,
};
nl_sk = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_USER, &cfg);
//nl_sk = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_USER, 0, hello_nl_recv_msg,NULL,THIS_MODULE);
if(!nl_sk)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Error creating socket. id:XXXX!\n");
return -10;
}
return 0;
}
static void __exit hello_exit(void) {
printk(KERN_INFO "exiting hello module id:XXXX!\n");
netlink_kernel_release(nl_sk);
}
module_init(hello_init); module_exit(hello_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
【问题讨论】：
标签： python sockets linux-kernel kernel-module netlink