从 .txt 文件中读取学生信息，然后计算平均值并找到字母等级

Question

我正在开发这个程序来读取学生的名字、姓氏和 5 个年级，并将学生信息放入一个结构中。从那里我尝试使用其他功能来查找平均成绩、字母成绩、最高成绩和最低成绩。我在读取和存储学生信息的正确方法上遇到问题，然后在其他函数中调用学生信息来计算平均值、字母等级等......我的“displayAverages”函数没有列出任何名字，而且成绩很大负数。如果您能帮助我（在您查看我的代码后头疼消失之后），我将不胜感激。

#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream> 
#include <string> 
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath> 
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

// Global variables
const int MAX_STUDENTS = 22;
const int MAX_GRADES = 5;
const string FILENAME = "NamesGrades.txt";

struct Student{
    string name;
    double grades[MAX_GRADES];
    double average;
    int max;
    int min;
}students[MAX_STUDENTS];
char getLetterGrade(double grade);

void getData(Student &students)
{
    ifstream fileIn;
    int numStudents = 0;

    fileIn.open(FILENAME.c_str());
    if (fileIn.fail())
    {
        cout << "Could not open file" << endl;
        system("PAUSE");
        exit(1);
    }

    while (fileIn) {
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STUDENTS; i++)
        {
            Student students;
            getline(fileIn, students.name);
            for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_GRADES; i++)
            {
                fileIn >> students.grades[i];
            }
            return;
        }
    }

    fileIn.close();

    return;
}



void displayAverages(Student students) {
    double total;
    //double average;
    int maxLength = 50;

    cout << setprecision(1) << fixed << showpoint;

    // Providing a header
    cout << "\n\nGrade Averages\n";
    cout << setw(maxLength + 1) << left << "Name" << setw(4) << right <<

        "Average" << setw(6) << "Grade" << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++)
    {
        cout << setw(maxLength + 1) << left << students.name;
        total = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < MAX_GRADES; j++)
        {
            total += students.grades[i];
        }

        students.average = (double)total / MAX_GRADES;

        cout << setw(7) << right << students.average << setw(6) <<

            getLetterGrade(students.average) << endl;
    }
}


char getLetterGrade(double grade) {
        {
        if (grade > 90) {
            return 'A';
        }
        else if (grade > 80) {
            return 'B';
        }
        else if (grade > 70) {
            return 'C';
        }
        else if (grade > 60) {
            return 'D';
        }
        else {
            return 'F';
        }
    }

}

Answer 1

让我们看看你的getData() 函数。定义为：

void getData(Student &students)

由于返回类型是void，我猜您可能会传入Student，然后在函数中对其进行修改。但是，你这样做：

Student students;
getline(fileIn, students.name);

哦哦！这声明了一个新的students，它隐藏了参数students。所以当你做students.name时，你说的是局部变量，而不是参数。

杀死新的声明，事情应该会像你预期的那样工作！

Answer 2

第一件事 - 你的代码应该有更好的结构！

void getData(Student &students)
{
    ifstream fileIn;
    int numStudents = 0;// you are not using this variable

    fileIn.open(FILENAME.c_str());
    if (fileIn.fail())
    {
        cout << "Could not open file" << endl;
        system("PAUSE");
        exit(1);
    }
    while (fileIn) {
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STUDENTS; i++)//you should use auto here
        {
            Student students;//here you are making local object instead of changing the data off passed argument, you should get rid of this
            getline(fileIn, students.name);
            for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_GRADES; i++)//you should use auto here
            {
                fileIn >> students.grades[i];
            }
            return;//you will return from you function after reading first student data so you should get rid of this
        }
    }
    fileIn.close();
    return;
}

改动后：

void getData(Student &students) {
    ifstream fileIn;
    fileIn.open(FILENAME.c_str());
    if(fileIn.fail()) {
        cout << "Could not open file" << endl;
        system("PAUSE");
        exit(1);
    }
    while(fileIn) {
        for(auto i = 0; i < MAX_STUDENTS; i++) {
            getline(fileIn, students.name);
            for(auto i = 0; i < MAX_GRADES; i++)
                fileIn >> students.grades[i];
        }
    }
    fileIn.close();
}