使用 stringdist 查找多个单词的匹配项答案

【问题标题】：Finding matches for multiple words with stringdist使用 stringdist 查找多个单词的匹配项
【发布时间】：2021-12-17 20:53:17
【问题描述】：

我有如下测试数据。我正在尝试使用stringdist 为单词向量查找（接近）匹配项，因为实际数据库很大：

library(stringdist)
test_data <- structure(list(Province = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3), Year = c(2000, 
2000, 2000, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2000, 2000, 2000, 
2001, 2001, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2001, 2001, 
2001, 2002, 2002, 2002), Municipality = c("Some", "Anything", 
"Nothing", "Someth.", "Anything", "Not", "Something", "Anything", 
"None", "Some", "Anything", "Nothing", "Someth.", "Anything", 
"Not", "Something", "Anything", "None", "Some", "Anything", "Nothing", 
"Someth.", "Anything", "Not", "Something", "Anything", "None"
), `Other Values` = c(0.41, 0.42, 0.34, 0.47, 0.0600000000000001, 
0.8, 0.14, 0.15, 0.01, 0.41, 0.42, 0.34, 0.47, 0.0600000000000001, 
0.8, 0.14, 0.15, 0.01, 0.41, 0.42, 0.34, 0.47, 0.0600000000000001, 
0.8, 0.14, 0.15, 0.01)), row.names = c(NA, -27L), class = c("tbl_df", 
"tbl", "data.frame"))

# A tibble: 27 x 4
   Province  Year Municipality `Other Values`
      <dbl> <dbl> <chr>                 <dbl>
 1        1  2000 Some                 0.41  
 2        1  2000 Anything             0.42  
 3        1  2000 Nothing              0.34  
 4        1  2001 Someth.              0.47  
 5        1  2001 Anything             0.0600
 6        1  2001 Not                  0.8   
 7        1  2002 Something            0.14  
 8        1  2002 Anything             0.15  
 9        1  2002 None                 0.01  
10        2  2000 Some                 0.41  
# ... with 17 more rows

我试着跑了：

test_match_out <- amatch(c("Anything","Something"),test_data[,3],maxDist=2)

编辑：

按照 zx8754 的评论，我尝试了：

test_match_out <- amatch(c("Anything","Something"),test_data[[3]],maxDist=2)

还有：

test_match_out <- amatch(c("Anything","Something"),test_data$Municipality,maxDist=2)

我的印象是上一行 (amatch) 会给我一些类似索引向量的东西，在那里会有匹配。但它只是给了我一个带有两个 NA 值的向量。我误解了amatch 的作用，还是语法有问题？

我想获取与amatch 匹配的values 以及匹配的单词。

期望的输出：

test_data_2 <- structure(list(Province = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3), Year = c(2000, 
2000, 2000, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2000, 2000, 2000, 
2001, 2001, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2001, 2001, 
2001, 2002, 2002, 2002), Municipality = c("Some", "Anything", 
"Nothing", "Someth.", "Anything", "Not", "Something", "Anything", 
"None", "Some", "Anything", "Nothing", "Someth.", "Anything", 
"Not", "Something", "Anything", "None", "Some", "Anything", "Nothing", 
"Someth.", "Anything", "Not", "Something", "Anything", "None"
), `Other Values` = c(0.41, 0.42, 0.34, 0.47, 0.0600000000000001, 
0.8, 0.14, 0.15, 0.01, 0.41, 0.42, 0.34, 0.47, 0.0600000000000001, 
0.8, 0.14, 0.15, 0.01, 0.41, 0.42, 0.34, 0.47, 0.0600000000000001, 
0.8, 0.14, 0.15, 0.01), `Matched Values` = c(NA, 0.42, NA, NA, 0.06000, 
NA, 0.14, 0.15, NA, NA, 0.42, NA, NA, 0.0600000000000001, 
NA, 0.14, 0.15, NA, NA, 0.42, NA, NA, 0.0600000000000001, 
NA, 0.14, 0.15, NA), `Matched Values` = c(NA, "Anything", NA, NA, "Anything", 
NA, "Something", "Anything", NA, NA, "Anything", NA, NA, "Anything", 
NA, "Something", "Anything", NA, NA, "Anything", NA, NA, "Anything", 
NA, "Something", "Anything", NA)), row.names = c(NA, -27L), class = c("tbl_df", 
"tbl", "data.frame"))

【问题讨论】：

当你有一个 tibble 时，子集正在返回一个数据帧...尝试 test_data[[ 3 ]] 或 test_data$Municipality 代替。

标签： r string fuzzy-search stringdist

【解决方案1】：

获取匹配的索引，然后更新所有匹配的行：

ix <- amatch(c("Anything","Something"), test_data[[ 3 ]], maxDist = 2)
# [1] 2 7

ifelse(test_data$Municipality %in% test_data$Municipality[ ix ], 
       test_data$`Other Values`, NA)
#  [1]   NA 0.42   NA   NA 0.06   NA 0.14 0.15   NA   NA 0.42
# [12]   NA   NA 0.06   NA 0.14 0.15   NA   NA 0.42   NA   NA
# [23] 0.06   NA 0.14 0.15   NA

【讨论】：

感谢您的回答。尝试您的评论时，我在代码中弄乱了一些东西。所以它确实有效。只是一个非常快速的问题，当查找表类似于句子时，您是否知道这样做的方式，即“这真的是某事，不是吗”？
@Tom 请提出一个新问题。我对 stringdist 不太熟悉。