tidyr 单独的函数分隔符以避免重复答案

【问题标题】：tidyr separate function delimiters to avoid repetitiontidyr 单独的函数分隔符以避免重复
【发布时间】：2018-07-09 09:56:59
【问题描述】：

我一直在使用 tidyr 将一些文本分成几列。

输入

Mypathcolon <- data.frame(c("1 Hospital: Random NHS Foundation Trust\nHospital Number: H2890235\nPatient Name:  al-Bilal, Widdad\nDOB:  1922-05-04\nGeneral Practitioner: Dr. Mondragon, Amber\nDate received:  2002-11-10\nClinical Details:  Previous had serrated lesions ?,If looks more like UC, please provide Nancy severity index\n3 specimen. Nature of specimen:  Nature of specimen as stated on pot = 'Ascending colon x2 '|,Nature of specimen as stated on request form = 'rectum'|,Nature of specimen as stated on pot = '4X LOWER, 4X UPPER OESOPHAGUS '|,Nature of specimen as stated on pot = 'rectal polyp '|\nMacroscopic description: 1 specimens collected the largest measuring 3 x 5 x 2 mm and the smallest 3 x 5 x 5 mm\nHistology:  The appearances are of a hyperplastic polyp.,8 pieces of tissue, the largest measuring 4."))

names(Mypathcolon)<-c("PathReportWhole")

函数

Histoltree  <- c("Hospital Number:","Patient Name:",
   "DOB:","General Practitioner:","Date received:",
   "Clinical Details","Nature of specimen",
   "Macroscopic description:","Histology","Diagnosis")

Mypathcolon %>% 
   tidyr::separate(PathReportWhole, 
   into = c("added_name",Histoltree), 
     sep = paste(Histoltree, collapse = "|"))

当前输出

这给了我列名

 [1] "added_name"               "Hospital Number:"         "Patient Name:"            "DOB:"                    
 [5] "General Practitioner:"    "Date received:"           "Clinical Details"         "Nature of specimen"      
 [9] "Macroscopic description:" "Histology"                "Diagnosis"

但是“标本性质”到“诊断”栏目中的数据实际上在正文中包含了“标本性质”到“标本性质”的文字，而不是“标本性质”到“宏观描述”的文字应该是这样：实际输出见下文：

structure(list(added_name = "1 Hospital: Random NHS Foundation Trust\n", 
    `Hospital Number:` = " H2890235\n", `Patient Name:` = "  al-Bilal, Widdad\n", 
    `DOB:` = "  1922-05-04\n", `General Practitioner:` = " Dr. Mondragon, Amber\n", 
    `Date received:` = "  2002-11-10\n", `Clinical Details` = ":  Previous had serrated lesions ?,If looks more like UC, please provide Nancy severity index\n3 specimen. ", 
    `Nature of specimen` = ":  ", `Macroscopic description:` = " as stated on pot = 'Ascending colon x2 '|,", 
    Histology = " as stated on request form = 'rectum'|,", Diagnosis = " as stated on pot = '4X LOWER, 4X UPPER OESOPHAGUS '|,"), .Names = c("added_name", 
"Hospital Number:", "Patient Name:", "DOB:", "General Practitioner:", 
"Date received:", "Clinical Details", "Nature of specimen", "Macroscopic description:", 
"Histology", "Diagnosis"), row.names = 1L, class = "data.frame")

如何强制函数提取列出的分隔符之间的列，而不是它似乎正在做的重复提取。

想要的输出

Hospital: Random NHS Foundation Trust\n
Hospital Number: H2890235\n
Patient Name:  al-Bilal, Widdad\n
DOB:  1922-05-04\n
General Practitioner: Dr. Mondragon, Amber\n
Date received:  2002-11-10\n
Clinical Details:  Previous had serrated lesions ?,If looks more like UC, please provide Nancy severity index\n3 specimen. 
Nature of specimen:  Nature of specimen as stated on pot = 'Ascending colon x2 '|,Nature of specimen as stated on request form = 'rectum'|,Nature of specimen as stated on pot = '4X LOWER, 4X UPPER OESOPHAGUS '|,Nature of specimen as stated on pot = 'rectal polyp '|\n
Macroscopic description: 1 specimens collected the largest measuring 3 x 5 x 2 mm and the smallest 3 x 5 x 5 mm\n
Histology:  The appearances are of a hyperplastic polyp.,8 pieces of tissue, the largest measuring 4.

【问题讨论】：

标签： r tidyr

【解决方案1】：

在你修改之后，我可以看到你想要什么。这里的关键是用两种模式分割刺。然后，您要创建一个数据框。 splitstackshape 包中的cSplit() 可以使用分隔符（即:）分割字符串。

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(stringi)
library(splitstackshape)

# Convert factor to character

Mypathcolon$PathReportWhole <- as.character(Mypathcolon$PathReportWhole)

# Split the string at two specific points, create a data frame,
# assign a column name, split strings

temp <- stri_split_regex(str = Mypathcolon$PathReportWhole, pattern = "\\n(?=[A-Z])|\\.\\s(?=.*:)") %>%
        as.data.frame %>%
        setNames("foo") %>%
        cSplit("foo", sep = ":", direction = "wide", type.convert = FALSE) 


                      foo_1
 1:              1 Hospital
 2:         Hospital Number
 3:            Patient Name
 4:                     DOB
 5:    General Practitioner
 6:           Date received
 7:        Clinical Details
 8:      Nature of specimen
 9: Macroscopic description
10:               Histology

foo_2
 1:                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Random NHS Foundation Trust
 2:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             H2890235
 3:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     al-Bilal, Widdad
 4:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1922-05-04
 5:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Dr. Mondragon, Amber
 6:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2002-11-10
 7:                                                                                                                                               Previous had serrated lesions ?,If looks more like UC, please provide Nancy severity index\n3 specimen
 8: Nature of specimen as stated on pot = 'Ascending colon x2 '|,Nature of specimen as stated on request form = 'rectum'|,Nature of specimen as stated on pot = '4X LOWER, 4X UPPER OESOPHAGUS '|,Nature of specimen as stated on pot = 'rectal polyp '|
 9:                                                                                                                                                               1 specimens collected the largest measuring 3 x 5 x 2 mm and the smallest 3 x 5 x 5 mm
10:                                                                                                                                                            The appearances are of a hyperplastic polyp.,8 pieces of tissue, the largest measuring 4.

【讨论】：

嗨@jazzurro。该问题已被修改，以显示所需的输出。我希望组织学显示组织学和诊断之间的文本，宏观描述列显示“宏观描述”和“组织学”等之间的文本。目前，组织学列显示“标本性质”和下一个“之间的文本”标本性质'
@SebastianZeki 感谢您的留言。我看了你的预期结果，但我不清楚那个输入。你能清楚地表明你的期望吗？我确实很难思考你想要什么宏观、组织学和诊断。如果我没记错的话，您在原始数据中没有诊断。你能澄清一下是否是这种情况吗？
@SebastianZeki 我将您的预期结果转换为长格式并检查了您的预期。我在Macroscopic description、Histology 和Diagnosis 中有Nature of specimen。但是如果我没记错的话，其余的文本与您期望的输出相匹配。你能仔细检查你想要的输出吗？在收到您的回复之前，我不会修改我的代码。
嗨@jazzurro。是的，其余的文字都很好。只是宏观描述、组织学和诊断中的标本性质列在您的示例中文本不正确
@SebastianZeki 我稍微修改了我的代码。这足以有输出。如有必要，删除输出中的第一行。