PyEnv BUILD FAILED 在 MacOS 上安装 Python

Question

在尝试在MacOS 上使用PyEnv 安装Python 3.6.6（对于Airflow）时，我遇到了构建失败，并遵循stack-trace

File
"/private/var/folders/6y/kf699bqj2sgcgjshb20fr5zh0000gn/T/python-build.20180721180716.86347/Python-3.6.6/Lib/xmlrpc/client.py",
line 138, in <module>
    from xml.parsers import expat   File "/private/var/folders/6y/kf699bqj2sgcgjshb20fr5zh0000gn/T/python-build.20180721180716.86347/Python-3.6.6/Lib/xml/parsers/expat.py",
line 4, in <module>
    from pyexpat import * ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pyexpat' make: *** [install] Error 1

BUILD FAILED (OS X 10.13.6 using python-build 20180424)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at
/var/folders/6y/kf699bqj2sgcgjshb20fr5zh0000gn/T/python-build.20180721180716.86347
Results logged to /var/folders/6y/kf699bqj2sgcgjsh

我已按照setting-up PyEnv on Mac via Homebrew 的文档中提到的步骤进行操作。

---

环境/框架版本

• MacOS High Sierra 10.13.6
• Homebrew 1.7.1
• PyEnv 1.2.6
• 现有的Python 分布
  • Python 2.7.15 [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.39.2)] on darwin
  • Python 3.7.0 [Clang 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.39.2)] on darwin

Answer 1

我在使用 Mojave 和 Python 3.7.3 时遇到了这个问题。

这对我有用：

SDKROOT=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.14 pyenv install 3.7.3

Answer 2

我可以让它工作的唯一方法是在安装之前通过以下前缀

CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include 
-I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include" \
LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" \
PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS=--enable-unicode=ucs2 \
pyenv install -v 3.7.1

Answer 3

接受的答案对我（莫哈韦沙漠）不起作用，但确实如此：

sudo installer -pkg /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg -target /

感谢http://www.blog.howechen.com/macos-mojave-pyenv-install-multi-version-build-failed-solution/

Answer 4

我正在为那些试图在 2021 年解决此问题的人发布我的解决方案。我使用的是 macOS Big Sur 版本 11.5.1。对我来说，这很有效：

1. 卸载旧工具

   $ sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

2. 重新安装 Xcode 命令行工具

   $ xcode-select --install

3. 使用 pyenv 安装 python

   $ pyenv 安装 3.9.5

Answer 5

通过参考Common build problems，我能够摆脱上述错误

• brew install readline xz
• xcode-select --install
• brew install openssl

---

在这之后，我安装并初始化pyenv

• brew install pyenv
• pyenv init（在您的项目目录中）

---

最后安装并激活需要python版本

• pyenv 安装 3.6.6
• pyenv local 3.6.6（在您的项目目录中）

---

这是@Harry MorenoGitHub上原始thread #1188的链接，@Harry Moreno

Answer 6

安装 Xcode：

xcode-select --install

安装 Brew：

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

或

更新 brew：

brew upgrade

安装包：

brew install libxml2
brew install libxslt
brew link libxml2 --force
brew link libxslt --force

安装 Pyenv

curl https://pyenv.run | bash

将以下行插入 .bashrc/.zshrc 配置文件：

export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

重启终端并执行：

pyenv install 3.6.5

如果还是不行： （只需将 python 版本更改为所需的版本 - 在我的情况下，我已将 python 3.6.5 安装到 pyenv）

CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include" LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib" pyenv install --patch 3.6.5 < <(curl -sSL https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch\?full_index\=1)

Answer 7

简短回答：

$ brew upgrade

现在你可以尝试通过 pyenv 安装 python

$ pyenv install 3.7.4

那么，你必须设置python路径

pyenv global 3.7.4

现在，关闭并打开一个新终端并编写命令

echo -e 'if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n  eval "$(pyenv init -)"\nfi' >> ~/.bash_profile

就是这样。对我来说很好。

Answer 8

在我的情况下，这是由于数据从旧 Mac 迁移到新 Mac 造成的。 Xcode 命令行工具和 Homebrew 都进行了迁移，但出现了问题。从头开始重新安装它们对我有用。

重新安装 CLI 工具：

$ sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

$ xcode-select --install

重新安装和更新 Homebrew：

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

brew update

安装 pyenv + 包和 python 3：

brew install pyenv
brew install openssl readline sqlite3 xz zlib
pyenv install 3.7.5

Answer 9

升级到 Big Sur 后，您需要重新安装 X Code 工具。即使你以前做过

xcode-select --install

这对我有用

如果这不起作用，请强制重置

sudo xcode-select --reset

更多详情可以在这里找到：https://dev.to/o9uzdev/macos-xcrun-error-invalid-active-developer-path-missing-xcrun-411a

Answer 10

尝试以下任何一种：

❯ xcode-select --install
❯ xcode-select --reset
❯ export SDKROOT="macosx"

Maybe you don't have command line tools installed.
Or maybe you messed up the $DEVELOPER_DIR environment
variable path.
Or maybe your compiling with command line tools meant
for iPhone development or WatchOS !?!

❯ brew update && brew upgrade pyenv

Maybe your command versions aren't up to date ?
Double check you've properly followed the installation
steps for your version, OS and shell.

❯ brew install make cmake;
❯ export PATH="/usr/local/opt/make/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"

Maybe you don't have `make` and `cmake` build/compilation commands.
Or maybe they can't be found.

❯ brew install openssl readline tcl-tk sqlite3 xz zlib bzip2;
❯ export PATH="/usr/local/opt/bzip2/bin:$PATH";
export CPPFLAGS="\
    -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include \
    -I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include \
    -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include \
    -I$(brew --prefix zlib)/include \
    -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include";
export LDFLAGS="\
    -L$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/lib \
    -L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib \
    -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib \
    -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib \
    -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib";

Maybe you're missing some suggested `pyenv` build,
tools or what not. Or maybe they can't be found during
compilation.
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment

❯ unset LIBRARY

Maybe you've set/defined a LIBRARY environment variable
(either in your shell initialization/startup files,
e.g. .bashrc, .zshrc, etc; or shell session).
This can be bad because it could be used in the build/compilation
process and may crash it.

❯ pyenv install --verbose --patch 3.8.11 \
    < <(curl -sSL https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch\?full_index\=1)

Maybe you haven't heard of the magical patch yet ?
which fixes issue with build process not taking into
account certain MacOS versions.
Also using the `--verbose` option, might give you
better hints as to what's going wrong.

---

❯ pyenv global 3.8.11 && eval "$(pyenv init -)"
OR  
❯ pyenv global 3.8.11 && exec $SHELL --login

Also, don't forget to set your preferred global
python interpreter version and reinitialize `pyenv`
or restart your [login] shell altogether.

---

它可能仍然不起作用，在这种情况下，请继续查找并在找到答案后发布您的答案。最好的祝福。

以下是我查阅过的一些资源：

• pyenv > Installation
• pyenv > Troubleshooting
• Build failed on MacOs Big Sur #1746
• Unable to build Python on macOS Big Sur with Xcode 12 beta #1643
• Python cannot be installed on Mac OS 11.0.1 pyenv #1737

Answer 11

CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew --prefix 
bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk- 
path)/usr/include" LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib -L$(brew -- 
prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix 
bzip2)/lib" pyenv install --patch 3.6.12 < <(curl -sSL 
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch\?full_index\=1)

更改您想要的版本

Answer 12

在建议应用此补丁的 pyenv 问题跟踪系统上发表评论后解决了同样的问题：https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch

# original comment
pyenv install --patch 3.8.3 < <(curl -sSL https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch)

它也适用于 3.6.9 和 3.7.4 版本，例如

pyenv install --patch 3.6.9 < <(curl -sSL https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch)

来源：https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues/1738#issuecomment-880517959

Answer 13

对于最近的 googler，如果您正在使用 Big Sur，您应该运行命令

xcode-select --install

Answer 14

我遇到了同样的错误，这个命令对我有用，注意你需要在 --patch 之后将 python 版本更改为你想要安装的版本

CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include" LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib" \
pyenv install --patch 3.8.0 < <(curl -sSL https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch\?full_index\=1)

Answer 15

BUILD FAILED (OS X 10.14.3 using python-build 20180424)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /var/folders/kt/79hj2dxs5vg7gsy188n6tk9c0000gn/T/python-build.20190226112205.71745
Results logged to /var/folders/kt/79hj2dxs5vg7gsy188n6tk9c0000gn/T/python-build.20190226112205.71745.log

Last 10 log lines:
  File "/private/var/folders/kt/79hj2dxs5vg7gsy188n6tk9c0000gn/T/python-build.20190226112205.71745/Python-3.6.6/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in <module>
    sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
  File "/private/var/folders/kt/79hj2dxs5vg7gsy188n6tk9c0000gn/T/python-build.20190226112205.71745/Python-3.6.6/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 204, in _main
    default_pip=args.default_pip,
  File "/private/var/folders/kt/79hj2dxs5vg7gsy188n6tk9c0000gn/T/python-build.20190226112205.71745/Python-3.6.6/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 117, in _bootstrap
    return _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
  File "/private/var/folders/kt/79hj2dxs5vg7gsy188n6tk9c0000gn/T/python-build.20190226112205.71745/Python-3.6.6/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 27, in _run_pip
    import pip._internal

我找到了解决方案 http://digidememory.blogspot.com/2019/01/macos-mojave-10142python371.html

就我而言，我通过这个命令解决了

sudo installer -pkg /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg -target /

Answer 16

这对我有用：

1. 删除 /Library/Developer 下的 CommandLineTools 文件夹
2. 在终端运行：xcode-select --install
3. sudo mv /usr/local/include /usr/local/include_old