Python 构建错误：无法构建模块 _ssl 和 _hashlib

Question

我通过将源代码安装到我的 RHEL4 框来添加 python 2.7.13 作为替代安装

wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tar.xz
tar -xvzf Python2.7.13.tar.xz
cd Python2.7.13
./configure --with-ensurepip=install
make
make test
make altinstall

这样我就不会覆盖其他用途所需的默认 python。 Python 2.7.13 可以成功安装，但缺少我正在处理的项目的几个基本模块。

原来 _ssl 和 _haslib 模块会在本节出错。

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb             _sqlite3           _tkinter
bsddb185           dbm                dl
gdbm               imageop            sunaudiodev

To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

我安装了 openssl 并确保它们位于 python 正在寻找它们的默认位置，所以现在我有了必要的位，但它以这条消息结束

Failed to build these modules:
_hashlib           _ssl

下面是解压后的 python 包中python2.7 setup.py build 的完整输出。我一直在搜索谷歌和任何我能找到的地方，但到目前为止我在任何事情上都没有成功

running build
running build_ext
INFO: Can't locate Tcl/Tk libs and/or headers
building '_ssl' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_ssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:57: warning: ignoring #pragma GCC diagnostic
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘_setup_ssl_threads’:
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:4012: warning: comparison is always false due to limited range of data type
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_ssl.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.a(s3_meth.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
building '_hashlib' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_hashlib.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.a(o_names.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb             _sqlite3           _tkinter
bsddb185           dbm                dl
gdbm               imageop            sunaudiodev
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.


Failed to build these modules:
_hashlib           _ssl

 running build_scripts

当我尝试使用与我的 python 2.7.13 一起安装的 pip 时，我收到了 SSL 错误，因此我一直在安装我的所有包和其他模块，例如 cx_Oracle 和 CherryPy。

pip2.7 install cffi
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting cffi
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/cffi/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement cffi (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for cffi

我也尝试过手动添加 ssl 模块

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/83/21/f469c9923235f8c36d5fd5334ed11e2681abad7e0032c5aba964dcaf9bbb/ssl-1.16.tar.gz#md5=fb12d335d56f3c8c7c1fefc1c06c4bfb
tar -xvzf ssl-1.16.tar.gz
cd ssl-1.16
python2.7 setup.py build

但我得到一个错误，它不应该与超过 2.6 的 python 一起使用

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 12, in <module>
    + "or earlier.")
ValueError: This extension should not be used with Python 2.6 or later (already built in), and has not been tested with Python 2.3.4 or earlier.

编辑

我在四处寻找解决方案，在梳理了setup.py build 的输出后，发现有人有类似的问题，似乎与 openssl here 有关 所以我用

重建了我的 openssl

./config enable-shared
make
make test
make install

现在我得到一个关于 ssl 模块的稍微不同的错误，我是不是越来越搞砸了我的环境？

python2.7 setup.py build
running build
running build_ext
INFO: Can't locate Tcl/Tk libs and/or headers
building '_ssl' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_ssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:57: warning: ignoring #pragma GCC diagnostic
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘_setup_ssl_threads’:
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:4012: warning: comparison is always false due to limited range of data type
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_ssl.so
*** WARNING: renaming "_ssl" since importing it failed: libssl.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
building '_hashlib' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_hashlib.so
*** WARNING: renaming "_hashlib" since importing it failed: libssl.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb             _sqlite3           _tkinter
bsddb185           dbm                dl
gdbm               imageop            sunaudiodev
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.


Failed to build these modules:
_hashlib           _ssl

running build_scripts

输出 *** WARNING: renaming "_ssl" since importing it failed: libssl.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 中的新警告消息表明该文件不存在，但我在 /usr/local/ssl/lib/ 中看到它为 libssl.so.1.0.0 并且可以通过搜索找到它

find / -name libssl.so.1.0.0
/usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
/tmp/openssl-1.0.2l/libssl.so.1.0.0

Answer 1

好吧，我不知道是否觉得自己很愚蠢，这只是我完全忽略的一件常见事情，因为我对 linux CLI 还很陌生。但是，通过https://stackoverflow.com/a/28460293/8222554amo 的回复中的几个简单步骤，我能够解决 _hashlib 和 _ssl 模块的构建错误。

我首先尝试了ldconfig，但这并没有解决我的问题，所以我只是查看了我的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 中的内容

echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

然后取回这些不包括 libssl.so.1.0.0 文件所在位置的位置

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib

然后我按照我之前在安装 Oracle 即时客户端和 cx_Oracle 模块时执行的步骤进行了操作，这些步骤很容易在这篇博文中列出：https://ubuntugeeknerd.blogspot.com/2013/08/how-to-install-oxoracle-in-rhel-64-bit.html

我用于 ssl 模块的步骤如下

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ssl/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH >> ~/.bashrc
echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/usr/local/ssl/lib/:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib

在这之后我做了python2.7 setup.py clean，然后是python2.7 setup.py build，最后是python2.7 setup.py install。除了我没有必要的位（并且无论如何都不想构建）的那些之外，输出没有返回任何构建失败。

我可以在打开python并成功导入模块时验证ssl模块是否存在

Python 2.7.13 (default, Jun 26 2017, 15:21:33)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>>

希望这对遇到类似问题的人会很方便