对于非常大的内存块,我倾向于建议使用内存映射文件(也许这就是 R 为您所做的)您可以在 Java 中使用一些样板代码来执行此操作。不幸的是,Java 不直接支持一次映射超过 2 GB,因此您必须将其分成多个部分。
import sun.misc.Cleaner;
import sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class LargeDoubleMatrix implements Closeable {
private static final int MAPPING_SIZE = 1 << 30;
private final RandomAccessFile raf;
private final int width;
private final int height;
private final List<MappedByteBuffer> mappings = new ArrayList<MappedByteBuffer>();
public LargeDoubleMatrix(String filename, int width, int height) throws IOException {
this.raf = new RandomAccessFile(filename, "rw");
try {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
long size = 8L * width * height;
for (long offset = 0; offset < size; offset += MAPPING_SIZE) {
long size2 = Math.min(size - offset, MAPPING_SIZE);
mappings.add(raf.getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, offset, size2));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
raf.close();
throw e;
}
}
protected long position(int x, int y) {
return (long) y * width + x;
}
public int width() {
return width;
}
public int height() {
return height;
}
public double get(int x, int y) {
assert x >= 0 && x < width;
assert y >= 0 && y < height;
long p = position(x, y) * 8;
int mapN = (int) (p / MAPPING_SIZE);
int offN = (int) (p % MAPPING_SIZE);
return mappings.get(mapN).getDouble(offN);
}
public void set(int x, int y, double d) {
assert x >= 0 && x < width;
assert y >= 0 && y < height;
long p = position(x, y) * 8;
int mapN = (int) (p / MAPPING_SIZE);
int offN = (int) (p % MAPPING_SIZE);
mappings.get(mapN).putDouble(offN, d);
}
public void close() throws IOException {
for (MappedByteBuffer mapping : mappings)
clean(mapping);
raf.close();
}
private void clean(MappedByteBuffer mapping) {
if (mapping == null) return;
Cleaner cleaner = ((DirectBuffer) mapping).cleaner();
if (cleaner != null) cleaner.clean();
}
}
有这个设置对角线值的测试。
@Test
public void getSetMatrix() throws IOException {
long start = System.nanoTime();
final long used0 = usedMemory();
LargeDoubleMatrix matrix = new LargeDoubleMatrix("/tmp/ldm.test", 48*1000, 50*1000);
for(int i=0;i<matrix.width();i++)
matrix.set(i,i,i);
for(int i=0;i<matrix.width();i++)
assertEquals(i, matrix.get(i,i), 0.0);
long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
final long used = usedMemory() - used0;
if (used==0)
System.err.println("You need to use -XX:-UsedTLAB to see small changes in memory usage.");
System.out.printf("Setting the diagonal took %,d ms, Heap used is %,d KB%n", time/1000/1000, used/1024);
matrix.close();
}
private long usedMemory() {
return Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
}
打印(使用 -XX:-UseTLAB 运行时)
Setting the diagonal took 60 ms, Heap used is 55 KB
只创建实际使用的页面。这些文件看起来很大,但分配的空间是基于使用情况的。
$ ls -lh /tmp/ldm.test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peter peter 18G 2011-12-30 10:18 /tmp/ldm.test
$ du -sh /tmp/ldm.test
222M /tmp/ldm.test