不明白这个“for”循环的结果（reddit）[重复]

Question

我想做一个小程序，从数组中删除一些不需要的字符，如“/n”、“/t”，问题是它部分工作。我看到程序删除了一些我想要的字符，但不是所有索引（例如：第 3 和第 5）：

程序：

var contenuespacemenu = $('.Espace-Menu').children('div').html(); //the array which contains characters i want to delete.  
var bannedcaractere = ["\n", "\t"];
var caractereinside = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
    for (var j = 0; j < (bannedcaractere.length); j++) {
      let test = contenuespacemenu[i] == bannedcaractere[j];
      if (test) {
        i = i + 1;
      } else {
        caractereinside[i] = contenuespacemenu[i];
      }
    }
  }


console.log(caractereinside);

它显示了这个结果：

一些不需要的字符被删除但不是全部... 索引 3 和 5。

这里是将html标签的字符串内容逐个字符放入数组“caractereinside”的主要代码：

var contenuespacemenu = $('.Espace-Menu').children('div').html();
//var bannedcaractere = ["\n","\t"];
var caractereinside = [];



for (var i = 0; i < 50; i++) {

  caractereinside[i] = contenuespacemenu [i];
  }

console.log(caractereinside);

结果：

如果我将“var contenuespacemenu”转换为像这样的常规数组，它可以工作：

var contenuespacemenu = ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8"];
//var bannedcaractere = ["\n","\t"];
var caractereinside = [];



for (var i = 0; i < 50; i++) {

  caractereinside[i] = contenuespacemenu [i];
  }

console.log(caractereinside);

我明白了：

我还尝试用一个中断来替换 i = i+1，就像我被要求的那样，就像这样：

var contenuespacemenu = $('.Espace-Menu').children('div').html();
var bannedcaractere = ["\n","\t"];
var caractereinside = [];



for (var i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
  for (var j = 0; j < (bannedcaractere.length); j++) {
    let test = contenuespacemenu[i] == bannedcaractere[j];
    if (test) {
      break;
    }
    else {
      caractereinside[i] = contenuespacemenu[i];

  }

  }
}


console.log(caractereinside);

但它给了我这个：

最后，我再次尝试使用 i = i+1 并为 var contenuespacemenu 定义数组，还更改了 var 禁止字符，它的工作方式与预期一样：

var contenuespacemenu = ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8"];//the array which contains characters i want to delete.
var bannedcaractere = ["1", "2","3","4"];
var caractereinside = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
    for (var j = 0; j < (bannedcaractere.length); j++) {
      let test = contenuespacemenu[i] == bannedcaractere[j];
      if (test) {
        i = i+1;
      } else {
        caractereinside[i] = contenuespacemenu[i];
      }
    }
  }


console.log(caractereinside);

结果：

Answer 1

不确定您为什么要使用 2 个循环，但我已通过更改以下内容将您的上一个示例更改为工作状态：

• 将硬编码的50 更改为contenuespacemenu.length
• 而不是关闭第二个循环/test，我将使用!bannedcaractere.includes(contenuespacemenu[i]) 检查当前字符是否有效
• 删除了 i = i+1;，因为我们应该让 for 处理迭代器
• 使用push() 而不是关闭caractereinside[i] 以防止undefined 出现在已删除的索引上

var contenuespacemenu = ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8", "1","2","3"];
var bannedcaractere = ["1", "2","3","4"];
var caractereinside = [];

// Remove all from bannedCars
for (var i = 0; i < contenuespacemenu.length; i++) {
    if (!bannedcaractere.includes(contenuespacemenu[i])) {
      caractereinside.push(contenuespacemenu[i]);
    }
}

// Result
console.log(caractereinside);

---

也就是说，上面可以通过使用filter和includes来简化：

var contenuespacemenu = ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8", "1","2","3"];
var bannedcaractere = ["1", "2","3","4"];

// Filter
let caractereinside = contenuespacemenu.filter(n => !bannedcaractere.includes(n));

// Result
console.log(caractereinside);

Answer 2

如果contenuespacemenu 是一个数组，试试：

const contenuespacemenu = $('.Espace-Menu').children('div').html(); //the array which contains characters i want to delete.  
const bannedcaractere = ["\n", "\t"];
const caractereinside = contenuespacemenu.slice(0, contenuespacemenu.length); // I copy the table so as not to risk modifying it later

for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
  let test = bannedcaractere.includes(caractereinside[i]);
  if (test) {
    caractereinside.splice(i, 1);
  } 
}

// 50 must be the length of the characterinside array if you want to iterate over the whole array

console.log(caractereinside);

Else If contenuespacemenu一堆文字试试：

const contenuespacemenu = $('.Espace-Menu').children('div').html(); //the array which contains characters i want to delete.
const bannedcaractere = ["\n", "\t"];
const caractereinside = [];

for (const i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
  caractereinside[i] = contenuespacemenu[i];
  let test = bannedcaractere.includes(caractereinside[i]);
  if (test) {
    caractereinside.splice(i, 1);
  }
}

// 50 must be the length of the characterinside array if you want to iterate over the whole contenuespacemenu

console.log(caractereinside);