在 Linux 上安装 nloptr - 致命错误：nlopt.h：没有这样的文件或目录

Question

在 Linux (Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS) 上安装 nloptr 软件包的另一个呼声。我查看了很多问题，但没有找到解决方案。

我无法在 R（版本 3.3.1/Rstudio 版本 0.99.902）中安装 lme4 包，因为 nloptr 的安装具有非零退出状态。当我尝试

    install.package("nloptr") 

我得到以下信息：

Installing package into ‘/home/rd14/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.3’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/nloptr_1.0.4.tar.gz'
Content type 'unknown' length 353942 bytes (345 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 345 KB

* installing *source* package ‘nloptr’ ...
** package ‘nloptr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
checking for g++... g++
checking whether the C++ compiler works... yes
checking for C++ compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... g++ -E
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... (cached) yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... (cached) yes
checking for pkg-config... yes
configure: Now testing for NLopt header file.
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking nlopt.h usability... no
checking nlopt.h presence... no
checking for nlopt.h... no
configure: Need to download and build NLopt
trying URL 'http://ab-initio.mit.edu/nlopt/nlopt-2.4.2.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 2361992 bytes (2.3 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 2.3 MB

configure: Starting to install library to /tmp/Rtmp7A1ldT/R.INSTALL66fffc391ed/nloptr/nlopt-2.4.2
configure: Done installing library to /tmp/Rtmp7A1ldT/R.INSTALL66fffc391ed/nloptr/nlopt-2.4.2
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating src/Makevars
** libs
g++ -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG      -fpic  -g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g  -c dummy.cpp -o dummy.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG     -I/tmp/Rtmp7A1ldT/R.INSTALL66fffc391ed/nloptr/nlopt-2.4.2/include -fpic  -g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g  -c nloptr.c -o nloptr.o
nloptr.c:42:19: fatal error: nlopt.h: No such file or directory
 #include "nlopt.h"
                   ^
compilation terminated.
make: *** [nloptr.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘nloptr’
* removing ‘/home/rd14/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.3/nloptr’
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘nloptr’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘/tmp/Rtmp4Y3TXJ/downloaded_packages’

您的帮助将不胜感激！ 谢谢。

Answer 1

当 Jelmer 和我构建此设置时，它仅在我的 Ubuntu 机器上运行，并且继续这样做——通过下载和构建 nlopt，或通过系统库。

当您在 Ubuntu 上时，最简单的解决方法可能是安装系统 nlopt 库，nloptr 包将检测和使用该库。也一样

sudo apt-get install libnlopt-dev 

然后尝试再次安装 nlopt。

同样，您应该能够从 Michael Rutter 的相应 PPA 中获得 lme4 为 r-cran-lme4，如 CRAN 的 README for Ubuntu 中所述。