【问题标题】:Converting numbers to Excel column headers将数字转换为 Excel 列标题
【发布时间】:2023-01-17 03:18:39
【问题描述】:

这是 LeetCode 上的一个问题,它被归类为“简单”。我已经为此工作了几个小时,甚至还请来了一位同事。我无法找出我的逻辑错误。我不是在寻找完全不同的问题解决方案。如果有人能指出我的方法有什么问题,我将不胜感激。

这个想法是将 int 转换为表示为 Excel 列标题(1='A'、2='B' ... 27='AA' 等)的字符串。这是我的代码,带有 cmets。该代码适用于许多输入(例如,735 -> 'ABG'),但对其他输入无效(例如,702 -> 'ZZ')。

def numToCol(n):

  # Generate a key such that {1:'A', 2:'B', 3:'C'... 26:'Z'} (this works fine)
  key = {}
  for i in range(65, 91):
    key[i-64] = chr(i)

  # According to Wikipedia, the number of digits in the bijective base-k 
  # numeral representing a nonnegative integer n is floor(logk((n+1)*(k-1)))

  # exp = num of letters in final string
  exp = int(math.log((n+1)*25, 26)) # int() rounds it down
  col_name = ''
  num = n

  # The final number is represented by a(26**0) + b(26**1) + c(26**2) + ...
  # If exp = 3, then there are 3 letters in the final string, so we need to find
  # a(26**2) + b(26**1) + c(26**0).

  # If exp = 3, i iterates over 2, 1, 0.
  for i in range(exp-1, -1, -1):
    # factor = how many 26**i's there are in num, rounded down
    factor = int(num/(26**i))
    # add to the string the letter associated with that factor
    col_name = col_name + key[factor]
    # update the number for next iteration
    num = num - (factor*(26**i))

  return col_name

这是我编写的一个反向函数(将字符串转换为 int)。这有助于了解预期结果应该是什么。确认有效。

def colToNum(string):
  '''
  Converts an upper-case string (e.g., 'ABC') to numbers as if they were
  column headers in Excel.
  '''
  key = {}
  for i in range(65, 91):
    key[chr(i)] = i-64

  new = []
  for idx, val in enumerate(string[::-1]):
    new.append(key[val] * 26**idx)

  return sum(new)

【问题讨论】:

    标签: python logarithm


    【解决方案1】:

    能够找到故障,但没有找到解决问题的优雅方法。您可能已经注意到,每当您到达 Z 并且有多个字母时,代码总是会失败。那是因为应该是2和26的因数,意思是BZ,变成了3和0。这个零导致了问题。这是设法使代码工作的技巧。除了 if 语句(并且 num = num - (factor*(26**i)) 已被向上移动)之外,一切都是一样的

    for i in range(exp-1, -1, -1):
        # factor = how many 26**i's there are in num, rounded down
        
        factor = int(num/(26**i))
        num = num - (factor*(26**i))
        
        if num == 0 and i!=0:
            factor -=1
            num = 26
    
        # add to the string the letter associated with that factor
        col_name = col_name + key[factor]
    

    这个 if 语句只是修复了当结果中有多个字母时发生的这些“Z”情况。

    【讨论】:

    • 伟大的工作,Jhanzaib!非常感谢!
    【解决方案2】:

    你检查过this answer了吗?那个看起来像你所要求的。我也共享代码如下。

    def excel_column_number_to_name(column_number):
        output = ""
        index = column_number - 1
        while index >= 0:
            character = chr((index % 26) + ord('A'))
            output = output + character
            index = index // 26 - 1
    
        return output[::-1]
    
    
    for i in xrange(1, 1024):
        print "%4d : %s" % (i, excel_column_number_to_name(i))
    

    【讨论】:

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