我希望所有人都知道我的数据库中的表是如何相互关联的（即 PK/FK/UK），因此我在 SQL Server 中创建了我所有表的数据库图。创建的图表不易阅读，必须滚动（水平滚动，有时垂直滚动）才能看到另一端的表格。
简而言之，当涉及到了解许多表之间的关系时，SQL 的数据库图对 UI 不友好。
我的（简单）问题：是否有类似数据库图的东西可以做数据库图所做的但以“好”的方式？
【问题讨论】：
标签： sql sql-server database tsql
Microsoft Visio 可能是我遇到过的最好的，尽管据我所知它不会根据您的关系自动生成。
编辑：在 Visio 中试试这个，可以给你你需要的东西 http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/visio-help/reverse-engineering-an-existing-database-HA001182257.aspx
【讨论】：
或者你可以看看schemacrawler
【讨论】：
有时，文本表示也可能会有所帮助；通过对系统目录视图的此查询，您可以获得所有 FK 关系的列表以及如何链接两个表（以及它们操作的列）。
SELECT
fk.name 'FK Name',
tp.name 'Parent table',
cp.name, cp.column_id,
tr.name 'Refrenced table',
cr.name, cr.column_id
FROM
sys.foreign_keys fk
INNER JOIN
sys.tables tp ON fk.parent_object_id = tp.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.tables tr ON fk.referenced_object_id = tr.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.foreign_key_columns fkc ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.columns cp ON fkc.parent_column_id = cp.column_id AND fkc.parent_object_id = cp.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.columns cr ON fkc.referenced_column_id = cr.column_id AND fkc.referenced_object_id = cr.object_id
ORDER BY
tp.name, cp.column_id
将其转储到 Excel 中，您可以根据父表、引用表或其他任何内容进行切片和切块。
我发现视觉指南很有帮助 - 但有时，文本文档也一样好（甚至更好） - 只是我的 2 美分.....
【讨论】：
使用 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 检索相同数据的另一种方式
SQL Server 中包含的信息架构视图符合 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 的 ISO 标准定义。
SELECT
K_Table = FK.TABLE_NAME,
FK_Column = CU.COLUMN_NAME,
PK_Table = PK.TABLE_NAME,
PK_Column = PT.COLUMN_NAME,
Constraint_Name = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN (
SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2 ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
) PT ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME
---- optional:
ORDER BY
1,2,3,4
WHERE PK.TABLE_NAME='something'WHERE FK.TABLE_NAME='something'
WHERE PK.TABLE_NAME IN ('one_thing', 'another')
WHERE FK.TABLE_NAME IN ('one_thing', 'another')
【讨论】：
此存储过程将为您提供层次关系树。基于来自 Technet 的 article。它还可以选择为您提供读取或删除所有相关数据的查询。
IF OBJECT_ID('GetForeignKeyRelations','P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC GetForeignKeyRelations
GO
CREATE PROC GetForeignKeyRelations
@Schemaname Sysname = 'dbo'
,@Tablename Sysname
,@WhereClause NVARCHAR(2000) = ''
,@GenerateDeleteScripts bit = 0
,@GenerateSelectScripts bit = 0
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @fkeytbl TABLE
(
ReferencingObjectid int NULL
,ReferencingSchemaname Sysname NULL
,ReferencingTablename Sysname NULL
,ReferencingColumnname Sysname NULL
,PrimarykeyObjectid int NULL
,PrimarykeySchemaname Sysname NULL
,PrimarykeyTablename Sysname NULL
,PrimarykeyColumnname Sysname NULL
,Hierarchy varchar(max) NULL
,level int NULL
,rnk varchar(max) NULL
,Processed bit default 0 NULL
);
WITH fkey (ReferencingObjectid,ReferencingSchemaname,ReferencingTablename,ReferencingColumnname
,PrimarykeyObjectid,PrimarykeySchemaname,PrimarykeyTablename,PrimarykeyColumnname,Hierarchy,level,rnk)
AS
(
SELECT
soc.object_id
,scc.name
,soc.name
,convert(sysname,null)
,convert(int,null)
,convert(sysname,null)
,convert(sysname,null)
,convert(sysname,null)
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), scc.name + '.' + soc.name ) as Hierarchy
,0 as level
,rnk=convert(varchar(max),soc.object_id)
FROM SYS.objects soc
JOIN sys.schemas scc
ON soc.schema_id = scc.schema_id
WHERE scc.name =@Schemaname
AND soc.name =@Tablename
UNION ALL
SELECT sop.object_id
,scp.name
,sop.name
,socp.name
,soc.object_id
,scc.name
,soc.name
,socc.name
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), f.Hierarchy + ' --> ' + scp.name + '.' + sop.name ) as Hierarchy
,f.level+1 as level
,rnk=f.rnk + '-' + convert(varchar(max),sop.object_id)
FROM SYS.foreign_key_columns sfc
JOIN Sys.Objects sop
ON sfc.parent_object_id = sop.object_id
JOIN SYS.columns socp
ON socp.object_id = sop.object_id
AND socp.column_id = sfc.parent_column_id
JOIN sys.schemas scp
ON sop.schema_id = scp.schema_id
JOIN SYS.objects soc
ON sfc.referenced_object_id = soc.object_id
JOIN SYS.columns socc
ON socc.object_id = soc.object_id
AND socc.column_id = sfc.referenced_column_id
JOIN sys.schemas scc
ON soc.schema_id = scc.schema_id
JOIN fkey f
ON f.ReferencingObjectid = sfc.referenced_object_id
WHERE ISNULL(f.PrimarykeyObjectid,0) <> f.ReferencingObjectid
)
INSERT INTO @fkeytbl
(ReferencingObjectid,ReferencingSchemaname,ReferencingTablename,ReferencingColumnname
,PrimarykeyObjectid,PrimarykeySchemaname,PrimarykeyTablename,PrimarykeyColumnname,Hierarchy,level,rnk)
SELECT ReferencingObjectid,ReferencingSchemaname,ReferencingTablename,ReferencingColumnname
,PrimarykeyObjectid,PrimarykeySchemaname,PrimarykeyTablename,PrimarykeyColumnname,Hierarchy,level,rnk
FROM fkey
SELECT F.Relationshiptree
FROM
(
SELECT DISTINCT Replicate('------',Level) + CASE LEVEL WHEN 0 THEN '' ELSE '>' END + ReferencingSchemaname + '.' + ReferencingTablename 'Relationshiptree'
,RNK
FROM @fkeytbl
) F
ORDER BY F.rnk ASC
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Generate the Delete / Select script
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @Sql VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @RnkSql VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @Jointables TABLE
(
ID INT IDENTITY
,Object_id int
)
DECLARE @ProcessTablename SYSNAME
DECLARE @ProcessSchemaName SYSNAME
DECLARE @JoinConditionSQL VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @Rnk VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @OldTablename SYSNAME
IF @GenerateDeleteScripts = 1 or @GenerateSelectScripts = 1
BEGIN
WHILE EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM @fkeytbl
WHERE Processed = 0
AND level > 0 )
BEGIN
SELECT @ProcessTablename = ''
SELECT @Sql = ''
SELECT @JoinConditionSQL = ''
SELECT @OldTablename = ''
SELECT TOP 1 @ProcessTablename = ReferencingTablename
,@ProcessSchemaName = ReferencingSchemaname
,@Rnk = RNK
FROM @fkeytbl
WHERE Processed = 0
AND level > 0
ORDER BY level DESC
SELECT @RnkSql ='SELECT ' + REPLACE (@rnk,'-',' UNION ALL SELECT ')
DELETE FROM @Jointables
INSERT INTO @Jointables
EXEC(@RnkSql)
IF @GenerateDeleteScripts = 1
SELECT @Sql = 'DELETE [' + @ProcessSchemaName + '].[' + @ProcessTablename + ']' + CHAR(10) + ' FROM [' + @ProcessSchemaName + '].[' + @ProcessTablename + ']' + CHAR(10)
IF @GenerateSelectScripts = 1
SELECT @Sql = 'SELECT [' + @ProcessSchemaName + '].[' + @ProcessTablename + '].*' + CHAR(10) + ' FROM [' + @ProcessSchemaName + '].[' + @ProcessTablename + ']' + CHAR(10)
SELECT @JoinConditionSQL = @JoinConditionSQL
+ CASE
WHEN @OldTablename <> f.PrimarykeyTablename THEN 'JOIN [' + f.PrimarykeySchemaname + '].[' + f.PrimarykeyTablename + '] ' + CHAR(10) + ' ON '
ELSE ' AND '
END
+ ' [' + f.PrimarykeySchemaname + '].[' + f.PrimarykeyTablename + '].[' + f.PrimarykeyColumnname + '] = [' + f.ReferencingSchemaname + '].[' + f.ReferencingTablename + '].[' + f.ReferencingColumnname + ']' + CHAR(10)
, @OldTablename = CASE
WHEN @OldTablename <> f.PrimarykeyTablename THEN f.PrimarykeyTablename
ELSE @OldTablename
END
FROM @fkeytbl f
JOIN @Jointables j
ON f.Referencingobjectid = j.Object_id
WHERE charindex(f.rnk + '-',@Rnk + '-') <> 0
AND F.level > 0
ORDER BY J.ID DESC
SELECT @Sql = @Sql + @JoinConditionSQL
IF LTRIM(RTRIM(@WhereClause)) <> ''
SELECT @Sql = @Sql + ' WHERE (' + @WhereClause + ')'
PRINT @SQL
PRINT CHAR(10)
UPDATE @fkeytbl
SET Processed = 1
WHERE ReferencingTablename = @ProcessTablename
AND rnk = @Rnk
END
IF @GenerateDeleteScripts = 1
SELECT @Sql = 'DELETE FROM [' + @Schemaname + '].[' + @Tablename + ']'
IF @GenerateSelectScripts = 1
SELECT @Sql = 'SELECT * FROM [' + @Schemaname + '].[' + @Tablename + ']'
IF LTRIM(RTRIM(@WhereClause)) <> ''
SELECT @Sql = @Sql + ' WHERE ' + @WhereClause
PRINT @SQL
END
SET NOCOUNT OFF
go
【讨论】：
我的解决方案基于@marc_s 解决方案，我只是在约束基于多个列的情况下连接列：
SELECT
FK.[name] AS ForeignKeyConstraintName
,SCHEMA_NAME(FT.schema_id) + '.' + FT.[name] AS ForeignTable
,STUFF(ForeignColumns.ForeignColumns, 1, 2, '') AS ForeignColumns
,SCHEMA_NAME(RT.schema_id) + '.' + RT.[name] AS ReferencedTable
,STUFF(ReferencedColumns.ReferencedColumns, 1, 2, '') AS ReferencedColumns
FROM
sys.foreign_keys FK
INNER JOIN sys.tables FT
ON FT.object_id = FK.parent_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.tables RT
ON RT.object_id = FK.referenced_object_id
CROSS APPLY
(
SELECT
', ' + iFC.[name] AS [text()]
FROM
sys.foreign_key_columns iFKC
INNER JOIN sys.columns iFC
ON iFC.object_id = iFKC.parent_object_id
AND iFC.column_id = iFKC.parent_column_id
WHERE
iFKC.constraint_object_id = FK.object_id
ORDER BY
iFC.[name]
FOR XML PATH('')
) ForeignColumns (ForeignColumns)
CROSS APPLY
(
SELECT
', ' + iRC.[name]AS [text()]
FROM
sys.foreign_key_columns iFKC
INNER JOIN sys.columns iRC
ON iRC.object_id = iFKC.referenced_object_id
AND iRC.column_id = iFKC.referenced_column_id
WHERE
iFKC.constraint_object_id = FK.object_id
ORDER BY
iRC.[name]
FOR XML PATH('')
) ReferencedColumns (ReferencedColumns)
【讨论】：
select * from information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS where
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = 'SCHEMA_NAME'
这将列出带有SCHEMA_NAMEenter image description here的约束
【讨论】：
如果您有LINQPad（它是免费的），我刚刚编写的这个脚本将列出您数据库中每个表之间的所有可能路径。
给定以下数据库：
...脚本将产生以下输出：
或者你可以在脚本顶部设置longestOnly标志，它只会输出最长的路径：
这是脚本：
var longestOnly = true;
var pathLists = new List<List<string>>();
foreach (var table in Mapping.GetTables()) {
var subPaths = new List<string>();
pathLists.Add(subPaths);
subPaths.Add(table.TableName);
Go(table, subPaths);
}
var pathStrings = pathLists
.Select(p => string.Join(", ", p))
.Distinct()
.OrderBy(p => p)
.ToList();
if (longestOnly) {
pathStrings.RemoveAll(z => pathStrings.Any(i => i != z && i.Contains(z)));
} else {
pathStrings.RemoveAll(z => pathStrings.Any(i => i != z && i.StartsWith(z)));
}
pathStrings.Dump();
void Go(System.Data.Linq.Mapping.MetaTable table, List<string> paths)
{
foreach (var association in table.RowType.Associations) {
var subPaths = paths.Concat(new List<string>()).ToList(); // create a copy
pathLists.Add(subPaths);
var subPathTableName = association.OtherType.Table.TableName;
if (!subPaths.Contains(subPathTableName)) {
subPaths.Add(subPathTableName);
var subPathTable = Mapping.GetTable(association.OtherMember.DeclaringType.Type);
if (subPathTable != null) {
Go(subPathTable, subPaths);
}
}
}
}
对于复杂的数据库，这可能需要非常长的时间才能完成，并且会返回大量的结果列表。我需要为工作而写这个，最终的结果让我感到非常失败。 :)
我找不到其他可以做到这一点的东西，所以我很满意。
【讨论】：