Python Selenium Webdriver 在无头模式下不工作

Question

无法在无头模式下创建 Python Chrome WebDriver。

我使用的是 Chrome 版本 108.0.5359.94。

我还使用 Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()) 自动安装兼容的 chromewebdriver。

笔记：如果我下载适用的 chrome webdriver 而不是使用可执行文件路径的服务，则会发生相同的结果。

重新创建它的代码非常简单。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

chrome_options = Options()
# chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9222')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=chrome_options)
print(driver)

在常规（非无头）模式下运行时，我得到了 webdriver 对象的预期打印：

python selenium_test.py 
<selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver (session="9b6ec32017d8d864f8e2061293faee40")>

但是当以无头模式运行时（相同的代码只是从无头选项行中删除标记），我收到以下错误：

python selenium_test.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/boazz/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/selenium_test.py", line 10, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=chrome_options)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 270, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 363, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 428, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 243, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (chrome not reachable)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
#0 0x5588159a82a3 <unknown>
#1 0x558815766f77 <unknown>
#2 0x55881578f5f7 <unknown>
#3 0x55881578b7d0 <unknown>
#4 0x5588157cc0b7 <unknown>
#5 0x5588157cba5f <unknown>
#6 0x5588157c3903 <unknown>
#7 0x558815796ece <unknown>
#8 0x558815797fde <unknown>
#9 0x5588159f863e <unknown>
#10 0x5588159fbb79 <unknown>
#11 0x5588159de89e <unknown>
#12 0x5588159fca83 <unknown>
#13 0x5588159d1505 <unknown>
#14 0x558815a1dca8 <unknown>
#15 0x558815a1de36 <unknown>
#16 0x558815a39333 <unknown>
#17 0x7fa6443c0b43 <unknown>

无论我是否使用无头选项，我都希望创建 chrome 驱动程序。可能是什么原因造成的？

Answer 1

这里的问题是您尝试设置用于调试的端口。
我尝试了您的代码，它对我也不起作用，但是当我将端口从 9222 更改为 61625 时，它起作用了。
所以，至少对我来说这是有效的：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.headless = True
options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=61625')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')

webdriver_service = Service('C:webdriverschromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=webdriver_service, options=options)
print(driver)

输出是

<selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver (session="70ca99a865d0eb7b93a95f530ef1401b")>