链接器扇区全局变量解决问题

【问题标题】：Linker sector global variables addresing problem链接器扇区全局变量解决问题
【发布时间】：2022-10-24 23:00:18
【问题描述】：

我已经制作了一个解决方法，但我对这里发生的事情有疑问。 设置：

  1. StmCUBEIDE（版本 10）
  2. Stm32F4 在带局域网的定制板上
  3. 8Mb 额外 SDRAM
  4. 单启动模式下的 1Mb FLASH
    默认从 0x08000000 开始

    长话短说，我已经将我的内存（闪存）分割成链接器中提供的扇区。请参阅下面的链接器：

    /*
*****************************************************************************
**

**  File        : LinkerScript.ld
**
**  Abstract    : Linker script for STM32F4xx Device with
**                1024Kbytes FLASH, 192Kbytes RAM
**
**                Set heap size, stack size and stack location according
**                to application requirements.
**
**                Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used.
**
**  Target      : STMicroelectronics STM32
**
**
**  Distribution: The file is distributed as is, without any warranty
**                of any kind.
**
**  (c)Copyright Ac6.
**  You may use this file as-is or modify it according to the needs of your
**  project. Distribution of this file (unmodified or modified) is not
**  permitted. Ac6 permit registered System Workbench for MCU users the
**  rights to distribute the assembled, compiled & linked contents of this
**  file as part of an application binary file, provided that it is built
**  using the System Workbench for MCU toolchain.
**
*****************************************************************************
*/

/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20030000; /* end of RAM */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 128K;  /* required amount of heap  */
_Min_Stack_Size = 2K; /* required amount of stack */

/* Specify the memory areas
* reserved                           sector 0  (16kb sectors)
* flash (bootloader flash)           sector 4 & 5 (64kb + 128kb = 192kb)
* sectore stable                     sector 6 to 8 ( 128 +128 +128 = 384kb)
* sector latest                      sector 9 to 11 ( 128 +128 +128 = 384kb)
*   
*/
MEMORY
{
  FLASH_RESERVED (rxw): ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 16K
  FLASH_SX (rw) : ORIGIN = 0x08004000, LENGTH = 32K
  FLASH_COMMON  (rw) : ORIGIN = 0x0800C000, LENGTH = 16K
  FLASH_BOOTLOADER (rx)         : ORIGIN = 0x08010000, LENGTH = 192K 
  FLASH_STABLE (rxw)   : ORIGIN = 0x08040000, LENGTH = 384K
  FLASH_LATEST (rxw)   : ORIGIN = 0x080A0000, LENGTH = 384K
  RAM (rwx)          : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 192K
  EXRAM (rwx)          : ORIGIN = 0xD0000000, LENGTH = 8192K
  
}

/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
  /* The startup code goes first into FLASH_BOOTLOADER */
  .isr_vector :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER
    /* keep this section for OTA capabilities*/
    .otaComBuff 0x08000000:
    {
        KEEP(*(.otaComBuff))
    } >FLASH_RESERVED = 0x00
    
  /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH_BOOTLOADER */
  .text :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */
    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */
    *(.glue_7)         /* glue arm to thumb code */
    *(.glue_7t)        /* glue thumb to arm code */
    *(.eh_frame)

    KEEP (*(.init))
    KEEP (*(.fini))

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _etext = .;        /* define a global symbols at end of code */
  } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER
  /* sectors for dual boot and reserved data */
    .reserved :
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __reserved_start__ = .;
        KEEP(*(.reserved*))
        
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __reserved_end__ =  .;
    } >FLASH_RESERVED
    ASSERT(LENGTH(FLASH_RESERVED) >= (__reserved_end__ -__reserved_start__), "sector Reserved overflow")
    .sx (NOLOAD):
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __sx_start__ = .;
        KEEP(*(.sx*))
        
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __sx_end__ =  .;
    } >FLASH_SX 
    ASSERT(LENGTH(FLASH_SX) >= (__sx_end__ -__sx_start__), "sector sx overflow")

    .common :
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __common_start__ = .;
        KEEP(*(.common*))
        
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __common_end__ =  .;
    } >FLASH_COMMON
    ASSERT(LENGTH(FLASH_COMMON) >= (__common_end__ -__common_start__), "sector common overflow")

    .bootloader  :
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __bootloader_start__ = .;
        KEEP(*(.bootloader*))
        
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __bootloader_end__ = .;
    } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER
    ASSERT(LENGTH(FLASH_BOOTLOADER) >= (__bootloader_end__ -__bootloader_start__), "sector bootloader overflow")

    .stable :
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __stable_start__ = .;
        KEEP(*(.stable*))
        
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __stable_end__ = .;
    } >FLASH_STABLE 
    ASSERT(LENGTH(FLASH_STABLE) >= (__stable_end__ -__stable_start__), "sector stable overflow")

    .latest  :
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __latest_start__ = .;
        KEEP(*(.latest*))
        
        . = ALIGN(4);
        __latest_end__ = .;
    } >FLASH_LATEST
    ASSERT(LENGTH(FLASH_LATEST) >= (__latest_end__ -__latest_start__), "sector latest overflow")

  /* Constant data goes into FLASH_BOOTLOADER */
  .rodata :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER

  .ARM.extab   : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER
  .ARM : {
    __exidx_start = .;
    *(.ARM.exidx*)
    __exidx_end = .;
  } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER

  .preinit_array     :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER
  .init_array :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.init_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER
  .fini_array :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH_BOOTLOADER

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);

  /* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
  .data : 
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _sdata = .;        /* create a global symbol at data start */
    *(.data)           /* .data sections */
    *(.data*)          /* .data* sections */

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _edata = .;        /* define a global symbol at data end */
  } >RAM AT> FLASH_BOOTLOADER

  
  /* Uninitialized data section */
  . = ALIGN(4);
  .bss :
  {
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
    _sbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */
    __bss_start__ = _sbss;
    *(.bss)
    *(.bss*)
    *(COMMON)

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _ebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */
    __bss_end__ = _ebss;
  } >RAM
    /* Uninitialized external data section */
  . = ALIGN(4);
  .extbss (NOLOAD):
  {
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
    _extsbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */
    __extbss_start__ = _extsbss;
    *(.extbss)
    *(.extbss*)
    *(COMMON)

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _extebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */
    __extbss_end__ = _extebss;
  } >EXRAM

  /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
  ._user_heap_stack :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    PROVIDE ( end = . );
    PROVIDE ( _end = . );
    . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
    PROVIDE ( _max_heap = . );
    . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >RAM

  /* Remove information from the standard libraries */
  /DISCARD/ :
  {
    libc.a ( * )
    libm.a ( * )
    libgcc.a ( * )
  }

  .ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}

    接下来我的文件中有：

    #include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"
#include "stdint.h"
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "task.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "debug.h"

extern unsigned int __bootloader_start__ ;
extern unsigned int __bootloader_end__ ;

extern unsigned int __sx_start__ ;
extern unsigned int __sx_end__ ;
/*external linker symbols for sector address feching*/
extern unsigned int __stable_start__ ;
extern unsigned int __stable_end__ ;
extern unsigned int __latest_start__ ;
extern unsigned int __latest_end__ ;
/*external linker symbol OTA flash region*/
extern unsigned int __reserved_start__ ;

#define ADR_SectorBootloaderStart ((uint32_t)(&__bootloader_start__))
#define ADR_SectorBootloaderEnd ((uint32_t)(&__bootloader_end_))

#define ADR_SectorSxStart ((uint32_t)(&__sx_start__))
#define ADR_SectorSxEnd ((uint32_t)(&__sx_end__))
#define ADR_SectorStableStart ((uint32_t)(&__stable_start__))
#define ADR_SectorStableEnd ((uint32_t)(&__stable_end__))
#define ADR_SectorLatestStart ((uint32_t)(&__latest_start__))
#define ADR_SectorLatestoEnd ((uint32_t)(&__latest_end__))
/*OTA communiaction sector*/
#define ADR_Reserved ((uint32_t)(&__reserved_start__))

    问题是只有ADR_SectorSxStart 在我得到垃圾的其他变量中返回真实地址。
    这个变量取决于闪烁逻辑，因为长时间保护引导加载程序扇区的功能不起作用，在将地址硬编码到功能后一切正常。我需要让其余的定义工作。知道为什么只有一个变量正确引用吗？
    谢谢你。

    @大忙人
    地图文件也得到错误的地址：

    .sx             0x0000000008004000        0x0
                0x0000000008004000                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                0x0000000008004000                __sx_start__ = .
 *(.sx*)
                0x0000000008004000                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                0x0000000008004000                __sx_end__ = .
                0x0000000000000001                ASSERT ((LENGTH (FLASH_SX) >= (__sx_end__ - __sx_start__)), sector sx overflow)

.common         0x000000000800c000        0x0
                0x000000000800c000                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                0x000000000800c000                __common_start__ = .
 *(.common*)
                0x000000000800c000                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                0x000000000800c000                __common_end__ = .
                0x0000000000000001                ASSERT ((LENGTH (FLASH_COMMON) >= (__common_end__ - __common_start__)), sector common overflow)

.bootloader     0x0000000008030a54        0x0
                0x0000000008030a54                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                0x0000000008030a54                __bootloader_start__ = .
 *(.bootloader*)
                0x0000000008030a54                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                0x0000000008030a54                __bootloader_end__ = .
                0x0000000000000001                ASSERT ((LENGTH (FLASH_BOOTLOADER) >= (__bootloader_end__ - __bootloader_start__)), sector bootloader overflow)

.stable         0x0000000008040000        0x0

【问题讨论】：

  • 地图文件说什么？它应该包含链接器产生的一些提示。 - 如果您通过最小化它来消除一些“噪音”，您可以大大增强您的问题。可能两个部分（等等）就足够了。
  • 我已经扩展了我的问题并从 .map 添加了 sn-p 我已经使用硬编码的地址测试了这段代码，一切都很好。它启动等。当我做一个内存查看器时。引导加载程序放置在正确的地址。
  • __bootloader_start__ 地址有什么问题？ __common_start__ 相同，它是有效的（除了 .common 部分看起来是空的）
  • SECTOR_BOOTLOADER 设置为与地图文件显示不同的地址。

标签： c linker stm32 stm32cubeide


【解决方案1】：

一段时间后，我找到了答案。像往常一样，它在我眼前是纯文本。 事实是 SECTOR_BOOTLOADER 的地址实际上被正确放置，告诉编译器在哪里放置所有 .text 变量。

当您逐行仔细查看时，您会看到我实际上已经创建了内存区域 FLASH_BOOTLOADER，然后将其用作我的主程序地址。这是正确的。比我使用链接器放置所有 .text 变量，然后我创建了我的 REGION BOOTLOADER。

这个错误是由于不了解链接器脚本和命名问题造成的。 谢谢你的帮助

【讨论】：

    猜你喜欢
    • 1970-01-01
    • 1970-01-01
    • 1970-01-01
    • 1970-01-01
    • 1970-01-01
    • 1970-01-01
    • 1970-01-01
    相关资源
    最近更新 更多
    热门标签
    Java Python linux javascript Mysql C# Docker 算法 前端 SpringBoot Redis Vue spring 设计模式 .net core .net kubernetes c++ 数据库 数据结构 大数据 js 机器学习 微服务 Android Go 程序员 面试 JVM ASP.net core 云原生 人工智能 后端 PHP git CSS golang k8s Nginx Django mybatis 深度学习 多线程 React 架构 devops 爬虫 云计算 Spring Boot LeetCode