【发布时间】：2022-10-18 16:41:13
【问题描述】：
我正在编写一个通过 Outlook 发送自动电子邮件的应用程序。我创建了简单的算法来提取数据并将其组合到电子邮件正文中。如果有人想在电子邮件正文中放置一些变量，那么他们必须将复制的 self.data: pd.DataFrame 列名称括起来：<<variable_name>> 符号 - 正则表达式然后找到变量及其在文本中的位置，并在算法中用真实数据替换它们来自数据框。
但是我偶然发现了一个问题：该算法在 PyQt 应用程序之外运行良好，但在应用程序内却不行。问题在于，在应用程序算法之外创建的电子邮件消息与 DataFrame 中的行数一样多（按计划），但在应用程序中它只创建一条由第一行数据组成的消息。我已经尝试调试它，到目前为止，我可以确认循环按计划通过 DataFrame 的所有行，但由于我未知的原因，它只将第一条消息附加到列表中。我创建了一些虚拟数据来复制算法的工作：
import pandas as pd
# Dummy data for loop:
df = pd.DataFrame(data = {'Hello':['++++++','======'],'Welcome':[';;;;;;','------'],'Hi':['!!!!!!', '??????']})
content = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin venenatis viverra odio, sagittis malesuada'
content_string = list(content)
positions = [[1, 4], [10, 14], [30, 36]]
variables = ['Hello', 'Welcome', 'Hi']
emails = []
# Composing email message for each user. One user == one row of pd.DataFrame
for x in range(len(df)):
for num, (position, var) in enumerate(zip(positions, variables)):
if var in df.columns:
content_string[position[0]:position[1]] = str(df[var][x])
email_composed = ''.join(content_string)
if num + 1 == len(variables):
emails.append(email_composed)
content_string = list(content)
for i in emails:
print(i)
输出：
L++++++m i;;;;;; dolor sit ame!!!!!!sectetur adipiscing elit. Proin venenatis viverra odio, sagittis malesuada
L======m i------ dolor sit ame??????sectetur adipiscing elit. Proin venenatis viverra odio, sagittis malesuada
这是 PyQt5 应用程序中的同一段代码：
功能部分：文件outlook.py
import re
import sys
import traceback
from typing import Any
import pandas as pd
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem, QMainWindow, QMessageBox
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from outlook_window import Ui_MainWindow
class OutlookForm(QMainWindow, QTableWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
self.ui.setupUi(self)
self.ui.actionOpen_data_file.triggered.connect(self.load_data)
self.ui.list_widget_columns.itemClicked.connect(self.get_clicked_item_from_list)
self.ui.list_selected_variables.itemClicked.connect(self.get_clicked_item_from_list_of_variables)
self.ui.push_button_add_variable.clicked.connect(self.add_data_to_listed_variables)
self.ui.push_button_clean_list.clicked.connect(self.clear_list_of_selected_items)
self.ui.push_button_send.clicked.connect(self.send_email)
self.data = None
self.separator: str = ';'
self.show()
def load_data(self) -> None:
try:
file, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "Open file", "", "All files (*);;CSV files (*.csv)")
if file:
if len(self.separator) != 0:
self.data = pd.read_csv(file, sep=str(self.separator))
else:
self.data = pd.read_csv(file)
self.clean_data_from_data_frame()
self.ui.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setColumnCount(self.data.shape[1])
self.ui.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setRowCount(self.data.shape[0])
for column, key in enumerate(self.data.columns):
for row, item in enumerate(self.data[key]):
new_item = QTableWidgetItem(item)
self.ui.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setItem(row, column, new_item)
self.ui.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(self.data.columns)
self.load_columns_to_list_of_variables()
QMessageBox.information(self, 'Info', 'Database successfully loaded!')
except FileNotFoundError:
QMessageBox.critical(self, 'Error', f'Something went wrong: {traceback.format_exc()}')
def clean_data_from_data_frame(self) -> None:
self.data = self.data.dropna(axis=1)
self.data.columns = self.data.columns.str.rstrip()
for column, data_type in zip(self.data.columns, self.data.dtypes):
if data_type == 'object' or data_type == 'str':
self.data[column] = self.data[column].str.strip()
def load_columns_to_list_of_variables(self) -> None:
if isinstance(self.data, pd.DataFrame):
self.ui.list_widget_columns.clear()
for column in self.data.columns:
self.ui.list_widget_columns.addItem(column)
def get_clicked_item_from_list(self, item) -> Any:
item_from_list = self.ui.list_widget_columns.currentItem().text()
return item_from_list
def get_clicked_item_from_list_of_variables(self, item) -> Any:
item_from_list = self.ui.list_selected_variables.currentRow()
return item_from_list
def add_data_to_listed_variables(self, item) -> None:
item_from_list = self.get_clicked_item_from_list(item)
self.ui.list_selected_variables.addItem(item_from_list)
def clear_list_of_selected_items(self) -> None:
self.ui.list_selected_variables.clear()
def get_variables_from_list(self) -> list:
variables_from_list = []
for i in range(self.ui.list_selected_variables.count()):
variables_from_list.append(self.ui.list_selected_variables.item(i).text())
return variables_from_list
def get_data_from_dataframe(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
variables_from_list = self.get_variables_from_list()
columns_to_slice_from_df = []
for variable in variables_from_list:
if variable in self.data.columns:
columns_to_slice_from_df.append(variable)
sliced_df = self.data[columns_to_slice_from_df]
return sliced_df
@property
def find_matching_patterns_from_text(self) -> Any:
sequence = r'<<(.*?)>>'
pattern = re.compile(pattern=sequence)
email_body = self.ui.text_edit_email_body.toPlainText()
variables = re.findall(pattern, email_body)
positions = pattern.finditer(email_body)
return variables, positions
def create_list_of_mails_messages(self):
list_of_mails = []
sliced_data_frame = self.get_data_from_dataframe()
variables_from_list, positions = self.find_matching_patterns_from_text
email_body = self.ui.text_edit_email_body.toPlainText()
email_body_list = list(email_body)
for row in range(len(sliced_data_frame)):
for num, (position, variable) in enumerate(zip(positions, variables_from_list)):
if variable in sliced_data_frame.columns:
email_body_list[position.start():position.end()] = str(sliced_data_frame[variable][row])
email_composed = ''.join(email_body_list)
if num + 1 == len(variables_from_list):
list_of_mails.append(email_composed)
email_body_list = list(email_body)
return list_of_mails
def get_email_addresses(self) -> list:
column_with_addresses = self.ui.line_edit_addresses.text()
list_of_addresses = self.data[column_with_addresses].to_list()
return list_of_addresses
def send_email(self):
list_of_emails = self.create_list_of_mails_messages()
list_of_addresses = self.get_email_addresses()
for address in list_of_addresses:
print(address)
for mail in list_of_emails:
print(mail)
# Here are other actions responsible for connecting to outlook -
# - not necessary for understanding the issue in MRE
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
w = OutlookForm()
w.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
布局部分：文件：outlook_window.py
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(869, 897)
icon = QtGui.QIcon()
icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../static/img/email_icon.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
MainWindow.setWindowIcon(icon)
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.gridLayout_6 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.gridLayout_6.setObjectName("gridLayout_6")
self.table_widget_data_from_data_frame = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 300))
self.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(850, 300))
self.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setObjectName("table_widget_data_from_data_frame")
self.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setColumnCount(0)
self.table_widget_data_from_data_frame.setRowCount(0)
self.gridLayout_6.addWidget(self.table_widget_data_from_data_frame, 0, 0, 1, 2)
self.gridLayout_5 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
self.gridLayout_5.setObjectName("gridLayout_5")
self.text_edit_email_body = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.text_edit_email_body.setObjectName("text_edit_email_body")
self.gridLayout_5.addWidget(self.text_edit_email_body, 0, 1, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_6.addLayout(self.gridLayout_5, 9, 0, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
self.gridLayout_3.setObjectName("gridLayout_3")
spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(60, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.gridLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem, 0, 0, 1, 1)
self.push_button_send = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.push_button_send.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(70, 16777215))
self.push_button_send.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.PointingHandCursor))
self.push_button_send.setObjectName("push_button_send")
self.gridLayout_3.addWidget(self.push_button_send, 0, 1, 1, 1)
spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.gridLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem1, 0, 2, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_6.addLayout(self.gridLayout_3, 10, 0, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName("gridLayout_2")
self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
self.push_button_clean_list = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.push_button_clean_list.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(100, 0))
self.push_button_clean_list.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 16777215))
self.push_button_clean_list.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.PointingHandCursor))
self.push_button_clean_list.setObjectName("push_button_clean_list")
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.push_button_clean_list, 1, 0, 1, 1)
self.push_button_add_variable = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.push_button_add_variable.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(100, 0))
self.push_button_add_variable.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 16777215))
self.push_button_add_variable.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.PointingHandCursor))
self.push_button_add_variable.setObjectName("push_button_add_variable")
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.push_button_add_variable, 0, 0, 1, 1, QtCore.Qt.AlignHCenter)
self.gridLayout_2.addLayout(self.gridLayout, 1, 1, 1, 1)
self.list_widget_columns = QtWidgets.QListWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.list_widget_columns.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(250, 16777215))
self.list_widget_columns.setObjectName("list_widget_columns")
self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.list_widget_columns, 1, 0, 1, 1)
self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(70, 16777215))
self.label.setObjectName("label")
self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.label, 0, 0, 1, 1)
self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_2.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(150, 16777215))
self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.label_2, 0, 2, 1, 1)
self.list_selected_variables = QtWidgets.QListWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.list_selected_variables.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(250, 16777215))
self.list_selected_variables.setObjectName("list_selected_variables")
self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.list_selected_variables, 1, 2, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_6.addLayout(self.gridLayout_2, 5, 0, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
self.gridLayout_4.setObjectName("gridLayout_4")
self.line_edit_addresses = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.line_edit_addresses.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(150, 16777215))
self.line_edit_addresses.setObjectName("line_edit_addresses")
self.gridLayout_4.addWidget(self.line_edit_addresses, 0, 1, 1, 1)
spacerItem2 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(150, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.gridLayout_4.addItem(spacerItem2, 2, 6, 1, 3)
self.label_addresses = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_addresses.setObjectName("label_addresses")
self.gridLayout_4.addWidget(self.label_addresses, 0, 0, 1, 1)
spacerItem3 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(5, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.gridLayout_4.addItem(spacerItem3, 2, 2, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_6.addLayout(self.gridLayout_4, 7, 0, 1, 1)
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 869, 21))
self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
self.menuFile = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
self.menuFile.setObjectName("menuFile")
MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
self.actionOpen_data_file = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.actionOpen_data_file.setObjectName("actionOpen_data_file")
self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionOpen_data_file)
self.menubar.addAction(self.menuFile.menuAction())
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
self.push_button_send.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Send "))
self.push_button_clean_list.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Clean"))
self.push_button_add_variable.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Add"))
self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Columns"))
self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Selected variables"))
self.list_selected_variables.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><br/></p></body></html>"))
self.label_addresses.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Column with addresses:"))
self.menuFile.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "File"))
self.actionOpen_data_file.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open data file"))
self.actionOpen_data_file.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+N"))
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
ui = Ui_MainWindow()
ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
MainWindow.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
这是一个 .csv 文件的链接，其中包含一些要加载到表格小部件的虚拟数据，以及一个带有“Lorem ipsum”电子邮件消息的 .txt 文件，其中 <<>> 符号之间的文本中已经包含来自 .csv 数据的变量：
https://github.com/youngTouring/outlook-data.git
为了重现该行为，您必须：
- 启动
outlook.py应用程序 - 使用左上角的 ctrl + N 快捷方式或操作加载
MOCK_DATA.csv（“打开数据文件”） - 使用“添加”按钮将 3 个变量添加到右侧列表（“选定变量”）：我已经输入了 <<名>> <<姓>> 和 <<性别>> 在 .txt 文件中，所以最好的选择是选择这 3 个
- 在标签附近的行编辑中键入“电子邮件”，其中显示“地址列：”
- 将电子邮件从
email_body.txt复制并粘贴到应用程序底部的纯文本小部件 - 单击“发送”按钮并在 python 控制台中观察输出 - 当前行为只是将一封电子邮件附加到列表中。正确的行为是列表中的所有邮件。
所以输出只是附加到列表的第一条消息。我不确定我是否包含了理解问题所需的所有代码。如果有人怀疑这种行为的原因可能是什么，我会很感激一些建议。
【问题讨论】：
-
find_matching_patterns_from_text不是缺少括号（和参数）吗？相反，如果它是正确的，我们需要知道它返回什么以及get_data_from_dataframe做了什么，所以请提供一个有效的minimal reproducible example。 -
是的，
find_matching_patterns_from_text缺少括号，因为它是@property，对不起，我忘了包括那个。我编辑了代码并添加了find_matching_patterns_from_text和get_data_from_dataframe。 -
请花点时间提供完整的 MRE，包括示例 csv 数据。它应该是一些我们可以轻松复制、粘贴和运行的代码，可能无需进行大量修改。我们不应该专注于试图理解如何重现问题，而应该专注于找到解决方案。
-
我已经重新安排了这个问题 - 我包含了 MRE 的所有代码。我还添加了一些虚拟数据的链接——包括 email_message 和一些可以加载到表格小部件的 .csv 数据。我希望它运行良好，我已经测试了这个“最小”版本并且运行良好。
标签： python pandas dataframe algorithm pyqt