MetaMask Web3：有什么方法可以确保网站用户连接到特定网络？

Question

我正在开发一个在 MATIC 网络上使用 MATIC 令牌的应用程序。我想确保用户使用 MetaMask 连接到这个网络，这可能吗？

现在在我的 html 页面所附的 client.js 中，我只有以下内容：

let accounts, web3, contract;

if (typeof window.ethereum !== 'undefined') {
  console.log('MetaMask is installed!');
} else {
    alert("Hello! Consider adding an ethereum wallet such as MetaMask to fully use this website.");
}
accounts = ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });
web3 = new Web3();

问题在于，如果用户尝试与网站的其他功能进行交互，他们可能会尝试使用 ETH，这可能会使他们失去代币并且无法使用该功能。所以我想提示他们进入 MATIC 网络。

有没有办法让他们自动进入这个网络，而不需要他们手动将它放入 MetaMask？有助于减少摩擦。

这是我在后端使用的 MATIC 网络 server.js 用于此应用程序：

const WEB3_PROVIDER = "https://polygon-rpc.com" 
// https://blog.polygon.technology/polygon-rpc-gateway-will-provide-a-free-high-performance-connection-to-the-polygon-pos-blockchain/

if (typeof web3 !== 'undefined') {
    web3 = new Web3(web3.currentProvider);
    console.log("web3 already initialized.");
} else {
    // set the provider you want from Web3.providers
    web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(WEB3_PROVIDER));
    console.log("New web3 object initialized.");
} 

Answer 1

您可以使用您的 web3 实例 (web3 document) 像这样检查用户网络：

const yourNetworkId = '137'
web3.eth.net.getId()
.then((networkId) => {
  if (networkId != yourNetworkId) {
    // MetaMask network is wrong
  }
})
.catch((err) => {
  // unable to retrieve network id
});

为了以编程方式添加网络 (metamask document)：

ethereum.request({
    method: 'wallet_addEthereumChain',
    params: [{ 
        chainId: web3.utils.toHex('137'),
        chainName: 'Polygon',
        nativeCurrency: {
            name: 'MATIC',
            symbol: 'MATIC',
            decimals: 18
        },
        rpcUrls: ['https://polygon-rpc.com'],
        blockExplorerUrls: ['https://www.polygonscan.com']
    }],
})
.then(() => console.log('network added'))
.catch(() => console.log('could not add network'))

如果您想以编程方式设置 Metamask 网络 (Metamask document)：

ethereum.request({
    method: 'wallet_switchEthereumChain',
    params: [{ chainId: web3.utils.toHex('137') }],
})
.then(() => console.log('network has been set'))
.catch((e) => {
    if (e.code === 4902) {
       console.log('network is not available, add it')
    } else {
       console.log('could not set network')
    }
})

您也可以在 Metamask 上监听 chainChanged 事件以检测用户何时更改 Metamask 网络 (metamask document)：

ethereum.on("chainChanged", () => {
    // if network was wrong, you can open a modal to disable activity and ask
    // user to change network back to Polygon or even change it yourself on 
    // user clicking a button, but i don't suggest setting network by yourself
    // without users permission because users may using other dApps on other
    // networks at the same time which changing network immediately on chainChanged
    // would be a bad UX
})