如何在 Django 中创建用户时设置自定义 UserModel 字段值？

Question

我有一个自定义的UserModel，其中有一个名为pbc_id 的CharField。我希望将其设置为如下所示：

pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(user.pk)

也就是说，我想在字符串“PBC-”的末尾附加新创建的用户的主键值，然后将该值赋给pbc_id字段。

我已经完成了，但只有当我使用终端创建superuser 时它才有效。但是当我使用 Django 管理界面创建一个普通用户时，它不起作用并且pbc-id 得到空值。

我的User 型号如下：

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):    
    username = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=254, unique=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
    pbc_id = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_candidate = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_voter = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    last_login = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    EMAIL_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = UserManager()

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return "/users/%i/" % (self.pk)

我的UserManager 班级如下：

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def _create_user(self, email, password, is_staff, is_superuser, is_candidate, is_voter, **extra_fields):
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')

        now = timezone.now()
        email = self.normalize_email(email)

        user = self.model(
            username=email,
            email=email,
            is_staff=is_staff, 
            is_active=True,
            is_superuser=is_superuser, 
            is_candidate=is_candidate,
            is_voter=is_voter,
            last_login=now,
            date_joined=now, 
            **extra_fields
        )
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        user.pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(user.pk)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        user = self._create_user(email, password, False, False, False, False, **extra_fields)
        user.pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(user.pk)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        
        return user


    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        user=self._create_user(email, password, True, True, False, False, **extra_fields)
        return user

在admins.py，我有UserAdmin下面的a类：

class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('username', 'email', 'password', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'last_login')}),
        ('Permissions', {'fields': (
            'is_active', 
            'is_staff', 
            'is_superuser',
            'is_candidate',
            'is_voter',
            'groups', 
            'user_permissions',
        )}),
    )
    add_fieldsets = (
        (
            None,
            {
                'classes': ('wide',),
                'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2')
            }
        ),
    )

    list_display = ('username', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'pbc_id', 'is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'last_login')
    list_filter = ('is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'is_superuser', 'is_active', 'groups')
    search_fields = ('email',)
    ordering = ('email',)
    filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions',)

Answer 1

经过几个小时的搜索，我想我明白了。您必须覆盖保存对象的保存方法（参见底部的 def save_model()），然后将“pbc_id”+ obj.id 分配给该字段，然后是 obj.save()

也改变了这个 类用户管理员（BaseUserAdmin） 对此： 类 UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

fieldsets = (
    (None, {'fields': ('username', 'email', 'password', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'last_login','pbc_id')}),
    ('Permissions', {'fields': (
        'is_active',
        'is_staff',
        'is_superuser',
        'is_candidate',
        'is_voter',
        'groups',
        'user_permissions',
    )}),
)
add_fieldsets = (
    (
        None,
        {
            'classes': ('wide',),
            'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2',)
        }
    ),
)

list_display = ('username', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'pbc_id', 'is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'last_login')
list_filter = ('is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'is_superuser', 'is_active', 'groups')
search_fields = ('email',)
ordering = ('email',)
filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions',)

def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
    super().save_model(request, obj, form, change)
    obj.pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(obj.pk)
    obj.save()

admin.site.register(models.User, UserAdmin)