使用按键单击时如何更改pyqt5中的按钮文本

Question

所以目前我正在 PyQt5 中创建数独。所以，到目前为止，我有 Board.py，它只是生成新的板。目前我正在研究 Play.py，它应该能够单击空白方块并能够通过按下键盘按钮（按键）来更改它。在 Play.py 中，我已经完成了所有操作 - 所有数字都放入了一块板上，我可以单击按钮并启动按键。但是，按照我的编码方式，所有按钮都存储在一个列表中（我这样做是因为我希望代码看起来干净）并且它只更新最后一个按钮。我希望它更新最近单击的按钮，而不是更新最后一个按钮。

我已经尝试了很多事情，但我目前将其缩小到的是在所有按钮（all_buttons）列表中找到按钮的位置并从那里做一些事情，但我不确定。那么，我如何才能将按键按下并将其放入最近按下的按钮中？

这里是 Board.py。它只是生成了不需要查看的新板。

import random
import numpy as np


# populates a row in random spaces
def populate():
    row = [0] * 9
    num_in_box = random.randint(3, 6)
    while True:
        spot = random.randint(0, 8)
        r = random.randint(1, 9)
        if r not in row:
            row[spot] = r
        if row.count(0) == (9 - num_in_box):
            break
    return row


# populates a grid in random spaces - has duplicates in column, row and box
mapped = list()
for x in range(9): mapped.append(populate())


# checks every number in column and row and returns numbers in list
def col_row_nums(array, row, col):
    check_col = [j for j in array[:, col] if j != 0]
    check_row = [i for i in array[row] if i != 0]
    if array[row][col] in check_col:
        check_col.remove(array[row][col])
    return check_col + check_row


# checks every number box and returns numbers in list
def box_nums(array, box_row):
    reshaped_box = np.reshape(array, (27, 3))
    list_boxes_in_rows = list()
    for a in range(3):
        for b in range(3):
            for c in range(3):
                p2 = list(np.reshape((reshaped_box[c::3]), (3, 9)))
                for d in range(3): list_boxes_in_rows.append(p2[a])
    array_boxes_in_rows = np.array(list_boxes_in_rows)
    return [k for k in array_boxes_in_rows[box_row] if k != 0]


# removes any duplicates so each column, row and box all have only one set of numbers 1 - 9
def finalize_board():
    box_rows_num = -1
    for x in range(9):
        for y in range(9):
            box_rows_num += 1
            arr = np.array(mapped)
            possible_nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
            col_row_duplicates = list()
            box_duplicates = list()
            used_nums = set(col_row_nums(arr, x, y)) | set(box_nums(arr, box_rows_num))

            for w in used_nums:
                col_row_count = col_row_nums(arr, x, y).count(w)
                box_count = box_nums(arr, box_rows_num).count(w)
                if col_row_count > 1: col_row_duplicates.append(w)
                if box_count > 1: box_duplicates.append(w)
            if mapped[x][y] in col_row_duplicates or mapped[x][y] in box_duplicates:
                remaining_nums = list(set(possible_nums) - set(used_nums))
                if len(remaining_nums) > 0: mapped[x][y] = random.choice(remaining_nums)
    return mapped

接下来是 Play.Py。

import sys
from pynput import keyboard
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets as qtw
from PyQt5 import QtCore as qtc
from PyQt5 import QtGui as qtg

import Board


class MainWindow(qtw.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        all_buttons = list()
        layout = qtw.QGridLayout()
        layout.setSpacing(0)

        board = Board.finalize_board()
        y_num = -1

        for x, rows in enumerate(board):
            for y, cell in enumerate(rows):
                y += 1
                if cell == 0: cell = ' '
                button = qtw.QPushButton(str(cell), self)
                button.setFixedHeight(100)
                button.setFixedWidth(100)
                layout.addWidget(button, x, y)
                if cell == ' ':
                    button.clicked.connect(lambda: pressed())
                    button.setStyleSheet('QPushButton {background-color: #e3efff; color: black;}')
                else:
                    button.setEnabled(False)
                    button.setStyleSheet('QPushButton {background-color: #ebebeb; color: black;}')
                all_buttons.append(button)


        def pressed():
            with keyboard.Events() as events:
                # maybe - ?? HOW TO RETURN POSITION OF BUTTON IN ALL_BUTTONS
                event = events.get(1e6)
                x = event.key
                print(str(x))
                button.setText(str(x))

        self.setLayout(layout)

        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = qtw.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Answer 1

你快到了。使用keyPressEventclick here。

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget)
from PyQt5.Qt import Qt

class MainWindow(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
    def keyPressEvent(self, event):
        print(chr(event.key()))

    def test_method(self):
        print('Space key pressed')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)

    demo = MainWindow()
    demo.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

event.key() 将始终返回一个整数。您可以使用内置的chr(int) 函数来获取密钥，问题是我们无法识别字母和数字以外的密钥。如果您还想要其他键，请使用条件。

   def keyPressEvent(self, event):
       if event.key() == Qt.Key_Space:
           print("Space pressed")
   # Qt.Key_Shift for shift key, Qt.Key_Control for Ctrl key.

这是最终代码：阅读edit2

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets as qtw
from PyQt5 import QtCore as qtc
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
from PyQt5 import QtGui as qtg
import Board


class MainWindow(qtw.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        all_buttons = list()
        layout = qtw.QGridLayout(self)
        layout.setSpacing(0)

        board = Board.finalize_board()
        y_num = -1

        for x, rows in enumerate(board):
            for y, cell in enumerate(rows):
                y += 1
                if cell == 0: cell = ' '
                button = qtw.QPushButton(str(cell), self)
                button.setFixedHeight(100)
                button.setFixedWidth(100)
                layout.addWidget(button, x, y)
                if cell == ' ':
                    button.setCursor(qtc.Qt.PointingHandCursor)
                    button.mousePressEvent = lambda event: self.mousePressEvent(event)
                    button.setStyleSheet('QPushButton {background-color: #e3efff; color: black;}')
                else:
                    button.setEnabled(False)
                    button.setStyleSheet('QPushButton {background-color: #ebebeb; color: black;}')
                all_buttons.append(button)

        self.last_clicked = ''
        self.setLayout(layout)

        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        self.show()
    def keyPressEvent(self, event):
        k = (chr(event.key()))
        self.last_clicked.setText(k)
        self.last_clicked.setStyleSheet("background-color: #e3efff; color: black;")


    def mousePressEvent(self, event):
        widget = self.childAt(event.pos())
        widget.setStyleSheet("background-color: #e3efff; color: black; border: 1px solid red")
        print(widget.pos())
        self.last_clicked = widget
        return qtw.QWidget.mousePressEvent(self, event)

        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = qtw.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

现在，当您按下某个键时，它会更新最近单击按钮的文本。除了keyPressEvent 和setText function 之外，您可能还想添加一些尝试

---

编辑 2： 我不完全知道为什么第一个按钮被选中，我猜mousePressEvent 有问题。它首先返回第一个小部件，然后返回实际单击的按钮。我调整了一些东西，现在可以正常工作了。

我改变的东西：

• 我创建了一个新列表self.available_buttons。它包含所有空的/可点击的按钮。

• 只要按下空按钮，代码就会遍历列表并搜索last_clicked 小部件。如果找到 last_clicked 小部件，它会突出显示该按钮并将所有其他按钮更改为正常（无边框颜色）。

class MainWindow(qtw.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        all_buttons = list() # contains all buttons
        self.available_buttons = list() # contains clickable buttons
        layout = qtw.QGridLayout(self)
        layout.setSpacing(0)

        board = Board.finalize_board()
        y_num = -1

        for x, rows in enumerate(board):
            for y, cell in enumerate(rows):
                y += 1
                if cell == 0: cell = ' '
                button = qtw.QPushButton(str(cell), self)
                button.setFixedHeight(100)
                button.setFixedWidth(100)
                layout.addWidget(button, x, y)
                if cell == ' ':
                    button.setCursor(qtc.Qt.PointingHandCursor)
                    button.mousePressEvent = lambda event: self.mousePressEvent(event)
                    button.setStyleSheet('QPushButton {background-color: #e3efff; color: black;}')
                    self.available_buttons.append(button) # appends empty buttons to the list
                else:
                    button.setEnabled(False)
                    button.setStyleSheet('QPushButton {background-color: #ebebeb; color: black;}')
                all_buttons.append(button)

        self.last_clicked = ''
        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.show()

        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    def keyPressEvent(self, event):
        k = (chr(event.key()))
        self.last_clicked.setText(k)
        self.last_clicked.setStyleSheet("background-color: #e3efff; color: black;")

    def mousePressEvent(self, event):
        widget = self.childAt(event.pos())
        self.last_clicked = widget

        for button in self.available_buttons:  #searches for clicked button
            if widget == button:
                button.setStyleSheet("background-color: #e3efff; color: black; border: 1px solid red") # adds border to clicked button
            else:
                button.setStyleSheet("background-color: #e3efff; color: black;") # all the other buttons go back to their normal state

        return qtw.QWidget.mousePressEvent(self, event)
        # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------