CameraX 视频捕获未在物理设备上录制答案

【问题标题】：CameraX Video capture not recording on physical deviceCameraX 视频捕获未在物理设备上录制
【发布时间】：2022-04-12 02:41:53
【问题描述】：

你好。我对 CameraX VideoCapture 用例有疑问。我正在使用以下版本的库：

implementation "androidx.camera:camera-video:1.1.0-alpha11"

我使用的用例如下：

MediaModule.kt（刀柄）

  @Module
  @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class)
  class VideoCaptureModule {
  @Provides
  fun provideMediaExecutor(): ExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()

  @Provides
  fun provideCameraProviderFuture(
      @ApplicationContext ctx: Context
  ): ListenableFuture<ProcessCameraProvider> = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(ctx)

  @Provides
  fun provideCameraPreview(): Preview = Preview.Builder().build()

  @Provides
  fun provideCameraQualitySelector(): QualitySelector = QualitySelector
      .firstTry(QualitySelector.QUALITY_UHD)
      .thenTry(QualitySelector.QUALITY_FHD)
      .thenTry(QualitySelector.QUALITY_HD)
      .finallyTry(QualitySelector.QUALITY_SD, QualitySelector.FALLBACK_STRATEGY_LOWER)

  @Provides
  fun provideCameraRecorder(
      cameraExecutor: ExecutorService,
      qualitySelector: QualitySelector
  ): Recorder = Recorder.Builder()
      .setExecutor(cameraExecutor)
      .setQualitySelector(qualitySelector)
      .build()

  @Provides
  fun provideVideoCapture(recorder: Recorder): VideoCapture<Recorder> =
      VideoCapture.withOutput(recorder)
  }

记录视图模型（AndroidViewModel）

  @HiltViewModel
  class RecordVideoViewModel @Inject constructor(
      private val preview: Preview,
      private val app: Application,
      private val cameraExecutor: ExecutorService,
      private val videoCapture: VideoCapture<Recorder>,
      private val cameraProviderFuture: ListenableFuture<ProcessCameraProvider>
  ) : AndroidViewModel(app) {

      private var camera: Camera? = null
      private var activeRecording: ActiveRecording? = null
      private var cameraProvider: ProcessCameraProvider? = null

      private val _videoRecordingStatus = MutableLiveData<VideoRecordingStatus>()
      val videoRecordingStatus = _videoRecordingStatus as LiveData<VideoRecordingStatus>

      fun startCamera(
          waitForReload: Boolean,
          lifecycleOwner: LifecycleOwner,
          cameraSelector: CameraSelector,
          surfaceProvider: Preview.SurfaceProvider
      ) {
          cameraProviderFuture.addListener({
              cameraProvider = cameraProviderFuture.get()
              preview.setSurfaceProvider(surfaceProvider)

              try {
                  viewModelScope.launch {
                      cameraProvider?.unbindAll()
                      if (waitForReload) delay(CAMERA_WAITING_TIME)
                      camera = cameraProvider
                          ?.bindToLifecycle(lifecycleOwner, cameraSelector, preview, videoCapture)
                      _torchAvailable.value = camera?.cameraInfo?.hasFlashUnit() == true
                  }
              } catch (t: Throwable) {
                  FirebaseCrashlytics.getInstance().log(t.localizedMessage.orEmpty())
              }
          }, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(app))
      }

      fun stopCamera() {
          cameraProvider?.unbindAll()
          cameraProvider = null
          camera = null
          torchEnabled = false

          try {
              activeRecording?.stop()
          } catch (t: IllegalStateException) {
              // Ignore, active recording already stopped.
          }
          activeRecording = null
      }    

      fun startRecording() {
          val name = "${app.getString(R.string.app_name)}-${Date().time}"
          val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
              put(MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, name)
          }
          val mediaStoreOutput = MediaStoreOutputOptions.Builder(
              app.contentResolver,
              MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
          ).setContentValues(contentValues).build()

          activeRecording = videoCapture.output.prepareRecording(app, mediaStoreOutput)
              .withAudioEnabled()
              .withEventListener(cameraExecutor, { event ->
                  when (event) {
                      is VideoRecordEvent.Start ->
                          _videoRecordingStatus.postValue(VideoRecordingStatus.Recording)
                      is VideoRecordEvent.Finalize -> _videoRecordingStatus.postValue(
                          event.cause?.run(VideoRecordingStatus::Failed)
                              ?: VideoRecordingStatus.Succeeded(event.outputResults.outputUri.toString())
                      )
                  }
              }).start()
      }

      fun stopRecording() {
          activeRecording?.stop()
      }

      override fun onCleared() {
          super.onCleared()
          stopCamera()
          cameraExecutor.shutdown()
      }

      sealed class VideoRecordingStatus {
          object Recording : VideoRecordingStatus()
          data class Failed(val t: Throwable?) : VideoRecordingStatus()
          data class Succeeded(val uri: String) : VideoRecordingStatus()
      }
  }

在模拟器中一切正常。我可以录制和保存视频没有问题，但是，当我在运行 Android 11 的真实设备（Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra 5G）上运行该应用程序时，我会遇到以下崩溃：

2021-12-15 11:56:00.271 3758-3789/? E/DatabaseUtils: Writing exception to parcel
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: MIME type application/octet-stream cannot be inserted into content://media/external/video/media; expected MIME type under video/*
        at com.android.providers.media.MediaProvider.ensureFileColumns(MediaProvider.java:3301)
        at com.android.providers.media.MediaProvider.ensureUniqueFileColumns(MediaProvider.java:3072)
        at com.android.providers.media.MediaProvider.insertFile(MediaProvider.java:3826)
        at com.android.providers.media.MediaProvider.insertInternal(MediaProvider.java:4386)
        at com.android.providers.media.MediaProvider.insert(MediaProvider.java:4110)
        at android.content.ContentProvider$Transport.insert(ContentProvider.java:336)
        at android.content.ContentProviderNative.onTransact(ContentProviderNative.java:167)
        at android.os.Binder.execTransactInternal(Binder.java:1190)
        at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:1159)
2021-12-15 11:56:00.275 19974-4965/? E/SequentialExecutor: Exception while executing runnable androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$1@9d3f8d3
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: MIME type application/octet-stream cannot be inserted into content://media/external/video/media; expected MIME type under video/*
        at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:172)
        at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:142)
        at android.content.ContentProviderProxy.insert(ContentProviderNative.java:549)
        at android.content.ContentResolver.insert(ContentResolver.java:2159)
        at android.content.ContentResolver.insert(ContentResolver.java:2121)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$RecordingRecord.lambda$initializeRecording$1(Recorder.java:2247)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$RecordingRecord$$ExternalSyntheticLambda1.get(Unknown Source:4)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$RecordingRecord.performOneTimeMediaMuxerCreation(Recorder.java:2394)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder.setupAndStartMediaMuxer(Recorder.java:1298)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$2.onEncodedData(Recorder.java:1436)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback.lambda$sendEncodedData$3(EncoderImpl.java:937)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback$$ExternalSyntheticLambda6.run(Unknown Source:4)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$1.run(SequentialExecutor.java:111)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.workOnQueue(SequentialExecutor.java:231)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.run(SequentialExecutor.java:173)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1167)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:923)
2021-12-15 11:56:00.328 19974-4965/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: pool-40-thread-1
    Process: com.pt.wshhp, PID: 19974
    java.lang.AssertionError: One-time media muxer creation has already occurred for recording RecordingRecord{getOutputOptions=MediaStoreOutputOptions{contentResolver=android.app.ContextImpl$ApplicationContentResolver@e6e1f6b, collectionUri=content://media/external/video/media, contentValues=_display_name=Worldstar-1639590959896, fileSizeLimit=0}, getCallbackExecutor=java.util.concurrent.Executors$FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService@850110f, getEventListener=com.pt.wshhp.viewmodels.RecordVideoViewModel$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0@fe4059c, hasAudioEnabled=true, getRecordingId=1}
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$RecordingRecord.performOneTimeMediaMuxerCreation(Recorder.java:2391)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder.setupAndStartMediaMuxer(Recorder.java:1298)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$2.onEncodedData(Recorder.java:1436)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback.lambda$sendEncodedData$3(EncoderImpl.java:937)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback$$ExternalSyntheticLambda6.run(Unknown Source:4)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$1.run(SequentialExecutor.java:111)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.workOnQueue(SequentialExecutor.java:231)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.run(SequentialExecutor.java:173)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1167)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:923)
2021-12-15 11:56:00.395 19974-5309/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: pool-40-thread-2
    Process: com.pt.wshhp, PID: 19974
    java.lang.AssertionError: One-time media muxer creation has already occurred for recording RecordingRecord{getOutputOptions=MediaStoreOutputOptions{contentResolver=android.app.ContextImpl$ApplicationContentResolver@e6e1f6b, collectionUri=content://media/external/video/media, contentValues=_display_name=Worldstar-1639590959896, fileSizeLimit=0}, getCallbackExecutor=java.util.concurrent.Executors$FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService@850110f, getEventListener=com.pt.wshhp.viewmodels.RecordVideoViewModel$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0@fe4059c, hasAudioEnabled=true, getRecordingId=1}
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$RecordingRecord.performOneTimeMediaMuxerCreation(Recorder.java:2391)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder.setupAndStartMediaMuxer(Recorder.java:1298)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$2.onEncodedData(Recorder.java:1436)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback.lambda$sendEncodedData$3(EncoderImpl.java:937)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback$$ExternalSyntheticLambda6.run(Unknown Source:4)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$1.run(SequentialExecutor.java:111)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.workOnQueue(SequentialExecutor.java:231)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.run(SequentialExecutor.java:173)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1167)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:923)
2021-12-15 11:56:00.465 19974-5313/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: pool-40-thread-3
    Process: com.pt.wshhp, PID: 19974
    java.lang.AssertionError: One-time media muxer creation has already occurred for recording RecordingRecord{getOutputOptions=MediaStoreOutputOptions{contentResolver=android.app.ContextImpl$ApplicationContentResolver@e6e1f6b, collectionUri=content://media/external/video/media, contentValues=_display_name=Worldstar-1639590959896, fileSizeLimit=0}, getCallbackExecutor=java.util.concurrent.Executors$FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService@850110f, getEventListener=com.pt.wshhp.viewmodels.RecordVideoViewModel$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0@fe4059c, hasAudioEnabled=true, getRecordingId=1}
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$RecordingRecord.performOneTimeMediaMuxerCreation(Recorder.java:2391)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder.setupAndStartMediaMuxer(Recorder.java:1298)
        at androidx.camera.video.Recorder$2.onEncodedData(Recorder.java:1436)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback.lambda$sendEncodedData$3(EncoderImpl.java:937)
        at androidx.camera.video.internal.encoder.EncoderImpl$MediaCodecCallback$$ExternalSyntheticLambda6.run(Unknown Source:4)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$1.run(SequentialExecutor.java:111)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.workOnQueue(SequentialExecutor.java:231)
        at androidx.camera.core.impl.utils.executor.SequentialExecutor$QueueWorker.run(SequentialExecutor.java:173)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1167)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:923)

这些是崩溃亮点：

MIME type application/octet-stream cannot be inserted into content://media/external/video/media; expected MIME type under video/*
java.lang.AssertionError: One-time media muxer creation has already occurred for recording RecordingRecord{getOutputOptions=MediaStoreOutputOptions{contentResolver=android.app.ContextImpl$ApplicationContentResolver@e6e1f6b, collectionUri=content://media/external/video/media, contentValues=_display_name=VideoRecording-1639590959896, fileSizeLimit=0}, getCallbackExecutor=java.util.concurrent.Executors$FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService@850110f, getEventListener=com.videoapp.viewmodels.RecordVideoViewModel$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0@fe4059c, hasAudioEnabled=true, getRecordingId=1}

这是我迄今为止尝试过的（没有成功）：

在 ViewModel 中从 MediaModule.kt 创建对象，而不是注入它们
使用 Activity 上下文而不是 Application 对象
发生此崩溃时停止摄像头并重新启动（使用 try-catch）

似乎正在尝试向视频文件源录制两次。有没有人遇到过这个问题？在模拟器中录制很好，但在真实设备中却崩溃了。

【问题讨论】：

标签： android kotlin video android-camera android-camerax

【解决方案1】：

嘿，我真的不知道你的问题，但我会寄给你我的 CameraX 在我的三星 A10s 中工作得非常好。我使用的是片段而不是活动，但它是相同的，你只改变上下文。

import android.Manifest
import android.content.ContentValues
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.os.Build
import android.os.Bundle
import android.provider.MediaStore
import android.util.Log
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.camera.core.*
import androidx.camera.lifecycle.ProcessCameraProvider
import androidx.camera.video.*
import androidx.camera.video.VideoCapture
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.core.content.PermissionChecker
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import com.example.splashscreenkotlin.R
import com.example.splashscreenkotlin.databinding.FragmentCameraBinding
import java.lang.Exception
import java.nio.ByteBuffer
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
import java.util.*
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
import java.util.concurrent.Executors

typealias LumaListener = (luma: Double) -> Unit

class CameraFragment : Fragment() {

    private var binding: FragmentCameraBinding? = null
    private val _binding get() = binding!!

    private var imageCapture: ImageCapture? = null
    private var videoCapture: VideoCapture<Recorder>? = null
    private var recording: Recording? = null

    private lateinit var cameraExecutorService: ExecutorService

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View {
        binding = FragmentCameraBinding.inflate(layoutInflater,container,false)
        return _binding.root
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)

        // Request camera permissions
        if (allPermissionGranted()){
            startCamera()
        }else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(requireActivity(), REQUIRED_PERMISSIONS, REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS)
        }

        // Set up the listeners for take photo and video capture buttons
        _binding.imageCaptureButton.setOnClickListener { takePhoto() }
        _binding.videoCaptureButton.setOnClickListener { captureVideo() }

        cameraExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
    }


    private fun takePhoto(){
        //First, get a reference to the ImageCapture use case.
    // If the use case is null, exit out of the function.
    // This will be null If we tap the photo button before image capture is set up.
    // Without the return statement, the app would crash if it was null.
        val imageCapture = imageCapture ?: return

        //create a MediaStore content value to hold the image.
    // Use a timestamp so the display name in MediaStore will be unique.
        val name = SimpleDateFormat(FILENAME_FORMAT, Locale.getDefault()).format(System.currentTimeMillis())
        //This class is used to store a set of values that the ContentResolver can process.
        //ContentResolver class provides applications access to the content model.
        val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
            //MediaStore is contract between the media provider and applications.
            // Contains definitions for the supported URIs and columns.
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, name)
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg")
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.P){
                put(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Pictures/SplashApp-Images")
            }
        }

        //Create an OutputFileOptions object.
    // This object is where we can specify things about how we want our output to be.
    // We want the output saved in the MediaStore so other apps could display it,
    // so add our MediaStore entry.
        val outputOptions = ImageCapture.OutputFileOptions
            .Builder(requireActivity().contentResolver,MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,contentValues)
            .build()

        //Call takePicture() on the imageCapture object.
    // Pass in outputOptions, the executor, and a callback for when the image is saved
        imageCapture.takePicture(outputOptions,ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(requireContext()),
        object : ImageCapture.OnImageSavedCallback{

            override fun onImageSaved(outputFileResults: ImageCapture.OutputFileResults) {
                val msg = "Photo capture succeeded: ${outputFileResults.savedUri}"
                Toast.makeText(requireContext(),msg,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                Log.d(TAG,msg)
            }

            //In the case that the image capture fails or saving the image capture fails,
            // add in an error case to log that it failed.
            override fun onError(exception: ImageCaptureException) {
                Log.e(TAG,"Photo Captured failed: ${exception.message}",exception)
            }
        })
    }

    private fun captureVideo(){
        //Check if the VideoCapture use case has been created: if not, do nothing.7
        val videoCapture = videoCapture ?: return

        //Disable the UI until the request action is completed by CameraX
        _binding.videoCaptureButton.isEnabled = false

        //If there is an active recording in progress, stop it and release the current recording.
    // We will be notified when the captured video file is ready to be used by our application.
        val currentRecording = recording
        if (currentRecording != null){
            currentRecording.stop()
            recording = null
            return
        }

        // we create our intended MediaStore video content object,
    // with system timestamp as the display name(so we could capture multiple videos).
        val name = SimpleDateFormat(FILENAME_FORMAT, Locale.getDefault()).format(System.currentTimeMillis())
        //ContentValue class is used to store a set of values that the ContentResolver can process.
        // ContentResolver class provides applications access to the content model.
        val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,name)
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "video/mp4")
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.P ) {
                put(MediaStore.Video.Media.RELATIVE_PATH,"Movies/SplashApp-Videos")
            }
        }

        //Create a MediaStoreOutputOptions.Builder with the external content option.
        //MediaStoreOutputOptions class providing options for storing output to MediaStore.
        val mediaStoreOutputOptions = MediaStoreOutputOptions.Builder(
            requireActivity().contentResolver,MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
        )//Set the created video contentValues to the MediaStoreOutputOptions.Builder, and build our MediaStoreOutputOptions instance.
            .setContentValues(contentValues).build()

        //Configure the output option to the Recorder of VideoCapture<Recorder> and enable audio recording
        recording = videoCapture.output
            .prepareRecording(requireContext(),mediaStoreOutputOptions).apply {
                if (PermissionChecker.checkSelfPermission(requireContext(),Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)
                    == PermissionChecker.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    withAudioEnabled()
                }
            }//Start this new recording, and register a lambda VideoRecordEvent listener.
            .start(ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(requireContext())){ recordEvent ->

                when(recordEvent) {
                    //When the request recording is started by the camera device,
                        // toggle the "Start Capture" button text to say "Stop Capture".
                    is VideoRecordEvent.Start -> {
                        _binding.videoCaptureButton.apply {
                            text = getString(R.string.stop_capture)
                            isEnabled = true
                        }
                    }
                    //When the active recording is complete, notify the user with a toast,
                // and toggle the "Stop Capture" button back to "Start Capture", and re-enable it
                    is VideoRecordEvent.Finalize -> {
                        _binding.videoCaptureButton.apply {
                            text = getString(R.string.start_capture)
                            isEnabled = true
                        }
                        if(!recordEvent.hasError()){
                            val msg = "Video Capture Succeed: " + "${recordEvent.outputResults.outputUri}"
                            Toast.makeText(requireContext(),msg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
                            Log.d(TAG,msg)
                        }else {
                            recording?.close()
                            recording = null
                            Log.e(TAG,"Video Capture Ends with an Error: " + "${recordEvent.error}")
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
    }

    private fun startCamera(){
        // User ProcessCameraProvider Bcs A singleton which can be used to bind the lifecycle of cameras
        // to any LifecycleOwner within an application's process.
        // Retrieve it with getInstance
        // This eliminates the task of opening and closing the camera since CameraX is lifecycle-aware.
        val cameraFutureProvider = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(requireContext())
        //Registers a listener to be run  on the given executor.
        // The listener will run when the Future's computation is complete  or,
        // if the computation is already complete, immediately.
        cameraFutureProvider.addListener({
            // Used to bind the lifecycle of cameras to the lifecycle owner
            val cameraProvider: ProcessCameraProvider = cameraFutureProvider.get()

            // Preview use case that provides a camera preview stream for displaying on-screen.
            val preview = Preview.Builder().build().also {
                // Decide how the surface we using
                // get a surface provider from viewfinder, and then set it on the preview.
                it.setSurfaceProvider(_binding.viewFinder.surfaceProvider)
            }

            val recorder = Recorder.Builder()
                .setQualitySelector(QualitySelector.from(Quality.HIGHEST,
                    //Add a FallbackStrategy to the existing QualitySelector creation.
                    // This allows CameraX to pick up a supported resolution
                    // if the required Quality.HIGHEST is not supportable with the imageCapture use case.
                FallbackStrategy.higherQualityOrLowerThan(Quality.SD)))
                .build()
            videoCapture = VideoCapture.withOutput(recorder)

            imageCapture = ImageCapture.Builder().build()

            /*
            //ImageAnalysis use case providing CPU accessible images for an app to perform image analysis on.
            //ImageAnalysis acquires images from the camera via an ImageReader.
            // Each image is provided to an ImageAnalysis.Analyzer function which can be implemented by application code
            //where it can access image data for application analysis via an ImageProxy.
            val imageAnalyzer = ImageAnalysis.Builder().build().also {
                it.setAnalyzer(cameraExecutorService,LuminosityAnalyzer { luma ->  
                    Log.d(TAG,"The Average luminosity: $luma")
                })
            }
            */


            // Select back camera as a default
            val cameraSelector = CameraSelector.DEFAULT_BACK_CAMERA
            try {
                // Unbind use case before rebinding
                    // This will initiate a close of every currently open camera.
                cameraProvider.unbindAll()

                // Bind use cases to camera
                cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(
                    requireActivity(),cameraSelector,preview,imageCapture,videoCapture
                )
            }catch (e:Exception){
                Log.e(TAG, "Use case binding failed",e)
            }
        }// This returns an Executor that runs on the main thread.
            ,ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(requireContext()))
    }

    //The analyzer logs the average luminosity of the image.
    // To create an analyzer, we override the analyze function in a class that implements the ImageAnalysis.Analyzer interface.
    private class LuminosityAnalyzer(private val listener: LumaListener) : ImageAnalysis.Analyzer{

        private fun ByteBuffer.toByteArray(): ByteArray{
            rewind() //Rewind the Buffer to zero
            val data = ByteArray(remaining())
            get(data) //Copy the buffer into a byte array
            return data //Return byte array
        }

        override fun analyze(image: ImageProxy) {
            val buffer = image.planes[0].buffer
            val data = buffer.toByteArray()
            val pixels = data.map { it.toInt() and 0xFF }
            val luma = pixels.average()

            listener(luma)
            //The application is responsible for calling ImageProxy.close() to close the image.
            // Failing to close the image will cause future images to be stalled or dropped depending on the backpressure strategy.
            image.close()
        }
    }

    // Send Permission To access to camera
    private fun allPermissionGranted() = REQUIRED_PERMISSIONS.all {
        ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(requireContext(),it) ==
                PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    }

    //Callback for the result from requesting permissions.
    // This method is invoked for every call on requestPermissions(String[], int).
    @Deprecated("Deprecated in Java")
    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(
        requestCode: Int,
        permissions: Array<out String>,
        grantResults: IntArray
    ) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS){
            if (allPermissionGranted()){
                startCamera()
            }else {
                Toast.makeText(requireContext(),"Permission not granted by the user.",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                activity?.finish()
            }
        }
    }


    override fun onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView()
        binding = null
        cameraExecutorService.shutdown()
    }



    companion object {
        private const val TAG = "CAMERAX"
        private const val FILENAME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss-SS"
        private const val REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS = 10
        private val REQUIRED_PERMISSIONS =
            mutableListOf(
                Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
                Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
            ).apply {
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.P){
                    add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                }
            }.toTypedArray()
    }
}

对于我的 FragmentLayout：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".fragments.CameraFragment">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/camera_container"
        android:background="@android:color/black"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <androidx.camera.view.PreviewView
            android:id="@+id/viewFinder"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/image_capture_button"
            android:layout_width="110dp"
            android:layout_height="110dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="50dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="50dp"
            android:elevation="2dp"
            android:text="@string/take_photo"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/vertical_centerline" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/video_capture_button"
            android:layout_width="110dp"
            android:layout_height="110dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="50dp"
            android:layout_marginStart="50dp"
            android:elevation="2dp"
            android:text="@string/start_capture"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/vertical_centerline" />

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/vertical_centerline"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_percent=".50" />

    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

</FrameLayout>

顺便说一句，使用bottomNavigation 工作很棒:) 即使我更改片段，我的相机片段也不会崩溃

【讨论】：