使用 Hibernate 的 Spring Boot 在使用 H2 数据库启动时生成丢弃约束错误

Question

我正在使用 spring-boot 并且有一个这样配置的 H2 数据库（在 application.properties 中）。

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:AZ;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect

在日志中我看到以下错误：

o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
        name: default
        ...]
org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.3.5.Final}
org.hibernate.cfg.Environment            : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
org.hibernate.cfg.Environment            : HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version   : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.4.Final}
org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
o.h.h.i.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory    : HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport  : HHH000227: Running hbm2ddl schema export
org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport  : HHH000389: Unsuccessful: alter table key_request drop constraint FK_53shrbc21c25inskpp1yoxxss if exists
org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport  : Table "KEY_REQUEST" not found; SQL statement:
    alter table key_request drop constraint FK_53shrbc21c25inskpp1yoxxss if exists [42102-178]

即使 hibernate 将这些报告为错误，我也可以登录到 H2 控制台并查看约束，它们看起来还不错。

SELECT TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, INDEX_TYPE_NAME FROM information_schema.indexes WHERE TABLE_NAME='KEY_REQUEST';
TABLE_NAME    INDEX_NAME                            COLUMN_NAME  INDEX_TYPE_NAME  
KEY_REQUEST   PRIMARY_KEY_F                         REQUEST_ID   PRIMARY KEY
KEY_REQUEST   FK_53SHRBC21C25INSKPP1YOXXSS_INDEX_F  USER_ID      INDEX

如果 hibernate 看起来真的是在实际创建数据库之前尝试删除这些约束（即 hibernate 中的某种错误）。 有什么办法可以避免这些错误堵塞日志或表明某处真正的失败？

更新 1

试图强制应用程序仅使用此设置进行更新：

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

导致以下错误（所有其他错误消失）：

org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate  : HHH000388: Unsuccessful: alter table lti_result add constraint FK_1cnh9amy5br8owkmafsrth3as foreign key (result_id) references lti_link
org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate  : Constraint "FK_1CNH9AMY5BR8OWKMAFSRTH3AS" already exists; SQL statement: 
    alter table lti_result add constraint FK_1cnh9amy5br8owkmafsrth3as foreign key (result_id) references lti_link [90045-178]

注意：来源在这里：https://github.com/azeckoski/lti_starter

具体配置： https://github.com/azeckoski/lti_starter/blob/master/src/main/resources/application.properties

和型号： https://github.com/azeckoski/lti_starter/tree/master/src/main/java/ltistarter/model

Answer 1

试试create-only:

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-only

它至少从 5.2 开始（可能更早）被添加到 Hibernate 中，我没有找到任何合适的文档，但它提到了 User Guide: 23.15. Automatic schema generation

如果您在日志中看到：

WARN  SessionFactoryOptionsBuilder:394 - Unrecognized hbm2ddl_auto value : create-only.  Supported values include 'create', 'create-drop', 'update', 'none' and 'validate'.  Ignoring

这可能是个误报，in fact it works

Answer 2

谢谢，这对我有用。

## Spring DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
spring.datasource.username=postgres
spring.datasource.password=postgres
# The SQL dialect makes Hibernate generate better SQL for the chosen database
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL9Dialect
# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL= DEBUG
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation=true
# Enable response compression
server.compression.enabled=true
# The comma-separated list of mime types that should be compressed
server.compression.mime-types=text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/css,text/javascript,application/javascript,application/json
# Compress the response only if the response size is at least 1KB
server.compression.min-response-size=1024
server.http2.enabled=true
# Maximum time the response should be cached (in seconds)
spring.resources.cache.cachecontrol.max-age=120
# The cache must re-validate stale resources with the server. Any expired resources must not be used without re-validating.
spring.resources.cache.cachecontrol.must-revalidate=true
#https://www.callicoder.com/configuring-spring-boot-application/
server.port=8080

Answer 3

由于您使用的是内存数据库，Hibernate 在执行时不会找到任何表：

hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop

那是因为语句顺序是：

• 删除约束 (fk)
• 删除表格
• 创建表

• 创建约束（fk）

  Query:{[alter table tableIdentifier drop constraint FK_202gbutq8qbxk0chvcpjsv6vn][]} 
  ERROR [main]: o.h.t.h.SchemaExport - HHH000389: Unsuccessful: alter table tableIdentifier drop constraint FK_202gbutq8qbxk0chvcpjsv6vn
  ERROR [main]: o.h.t.h.SchemaExport - user lacks privilege or object not found: PUBLIC.TABLEIDENTIFIER
  Query:{[drop table sequenceIdentifier if exists][]} 
  Query:{[drop table tableIdentifier if exists][]} 
  Query:{[create table sequenceIdentifier (id bigint not null, primary key (id))][]} 
  Query:{[create table tableIdentifier (id bigint not null, sequenceIdentifier_id bigint, primary key (id))][]} 
  Query:{[alter table tableIdentifier add constraint FK_202gbutq8qbxk0chvcpjsv6vn foreign key (sequenceIdentifier_id) references sequenceIdentifier][]} 
  Query:{[create sequence hibernate_sequence start with 1 increment by 1][]} 
  

您可以通过将 hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto 更改为更新来解决此问题：

hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update