MacOS BigSur 上的 Pyinstaller 无法构建基本的 PyQt5 应用程序

Question

我正在尝试在 Big Sur 上构建一个使用 PyQt5 的非常基本的应用程序。

使用 pyinstaller 的最新开发版本，我构建了应用程序而没有错误，但是当我启动它时，它在启动后立即崩溃。 启动 exec，我在 app = QApplication(sys.argv) 之后立即出现分段错误。

这是我的配置：

37 INFO: PyInstaller: 5.0.dev0
37 INFO: Python: 3.9.4
46 INFO: Platform: macOS-11.2.3-x86_64-i386-64bit

我的代码以python main.py 启动，可以工作。这也不是应用程序使用的外部文件的问题，因为它在使用它们之前就崩溃了。

import os
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow

DEBUG = True

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if DEBUG:
        if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False) and hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
            print("Running in a Pyinstaller bundle.")
        else:
            print("Running in a normal Python process.")

        for a in sys.argv:
            print("sys.argv[]: {}".format(a))
        print(sys.executable)
        print(os.getcwd())

    if DEBUG:
        print("THIS RUNS")
    app = QApplication([])
    if DEBUG:
        print("THIS DOESN'T")
    win = QMainWindow()
    win.setGeometry(200, 200, 300, 450)
    win.setFixedSize(300, 450)

    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

我使用的pyinstaller命令是：

pyinstaller --noconfirm --log-level=ERROR \
    --clean \
    --onefile \
    --windowed \
    --name Blabla \
    --debug all \
    --paths ~/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/venv2/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ \
    --paths ~/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/venv2/ \
    --paths ~/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/venv2/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PyQt5/ \
    --hidden-import PyQt5 \
    --hidden-import PyQt5.sip \
    --hidden-import PyQt5.QtWidgets \
    --hidden-import PyQt5.QtGui \
    --hidden-import PyQt5.QtCore \
    main.py

想法？

这是我在启动可执行文件时在终端中看到的内容：

(venv2) ste@ste FotoPDF % ./FotoPDF
import _frozen_importlib # frozen
import _imp # builtin
import '_thread' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import '_warnings' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import '_weakref' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import '_frozen_importlib_external' # <class '_frozen_importlib.FrozenImporter'>
import 'posix' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import '_io' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import 'marshal' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
# installing zipimport hook
import 'time' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import 'zipimport' # <class '_frozen_importlib.FrozenImporter'>
# installed zipimport hook
# zipimport: found 147 names in '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip'
import '_codecs' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import codecs # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/codecs.pyc
import encodings.aliases # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/encodings/aliases.pyc
import encodings # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/encodings/__init__.pyc
import encodings.utf_8 # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/encodings/utf_8.pyc
import encodings.ascii # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/encodings/ascii.pyc
import '_signal' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import encodings.latin_1 # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/encodings/latin_1.pyc
import '_abc' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import abc # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/abc.pyc
import io # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/io.pyc
# extension module '_struct' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_struct.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module '_struct' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_struct.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import '_struct' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc30892c670>
# extension module 'zlib' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/zlib.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module 'zlib' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/zlib.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import 'zlib' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc3089c7100>
# PyInstaller: FrozenImporter(/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/FotoPDF?60397)
import os # PyInstaller PYZ
import stat # PyInstaller PYZ
import '_stat' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import 'stat' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
# _collections_abc not found in PYZ
import _collections_abc # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/_collections_abc.pyc
import posixpath # PyInstaller PYZ
import genericpath # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'genericpath' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'posixpath' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'os' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import ctypes # PyInstaller PYZ
# types not found in PYZ
import types # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/types.pyc
# _ctypes not found in PYZ
# extension module '_ctypes' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module '_ctypes' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import '_ctypes' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308b37d60>
import ctypes._endian # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'ctypes._endian' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'ctypes' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
# ctypes.macholib not found in PYZ
# re not found in PYZ
# enum not found in PYZ
import enum # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/enum.pyc
# sre_compile not found in PYZ
import '_sre' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
# sre_parse not found in PYZ
# sre_constants not found in PYZ
import sre_constants # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/sre_constants.pyc
import sre_parse # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/sre_parse.pyc
import sre_compile # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/sre_compile.pyc
# functools not found in PYZ
# collections not found in PYZ
# heapq not found in PYZ
# _heapq not found in PYZ
# extension module '_heapq' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_heapq.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module '_heapq' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_heapq.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import '_heapq' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308bbefa0>
import heapq # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/heapq.pyc
import 'itertools' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
# keyword not found in PYZ
import keyword # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/keyword.pyc
# operator not found in PYZ
import '_operator' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import operator # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/operator.pyc
# reprlib not found in PYZ
import reprlib # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/reprlib.pyc
import '_collections' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import collections # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/collections/__init__.pyc
import '_functools' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import functools # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/functools.pyc
import '_locale' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
# copyreg not found in PYZ
import copyreg # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/copyreg.pyc
import re # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/re.pyc
import multiprocessing # PyInstaller PYZ
import multiprocessing.context # PyInstaller PYZ
import threading # PyInstaller PYZ
# _weakrefset not found in PYZ
import _weakrefset # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/_weakrefset.pyc
import 'threading' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import multiprocessing.process # PyInstaller PYZ
import signal # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'signal' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'multiprocessing.process' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import multiprocessing.reduction # PyInstaller PYZ
import pickle # PyInstaller PYZ
import _compat_pickle # PyInstaller PYZ
import '_compat_pickle' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
# _pickle not found in PYZ
# extension module '_pickle' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_pickle.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module '_pickle' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_pickle.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import '_pickle' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308c985b0>
# org not found in PYZ
import 'pickle' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import socket # PyInstaller PYZ
# _socket not found in PYZ
# extension module '_socket' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_socket.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module '_socket' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_socket.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import '_socket' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308cbb2e0>
import selectors # PyInstaller PYZ
# collections.abc not found in PYZ
import collections.abc # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/collections/abc.pyc
# math not found in PYZ
# extension module 'math' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/math.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module 'math' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/math.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import 'math' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308cc6940>
# select not found in PYZ
# extension module 'select' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/select.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module 'select' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/select.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import 'select' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308cc69d0>
import 'selectors' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'errno' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
# array not found in PYZ
# extension module 'array' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/array.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module 'array' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/array.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import 'array' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308cd3640>
import 'socket' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'multiprocessing.reduction' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'multiprocessing.context' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'multiprocessing' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import multiprocessing.spawn # PyInstaller PYZ
import runpy # PyInstaller PYZ
import importlib # PyInstaller PYZ
# warnings not found in PYZ
import warnings # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/warnings.pyc
import 'importlib' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import importlib.machinery # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'importlib.machinery' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import importlib.util # PyInstaller PYZ
import importlib.abc # PyInstaller PYZ
import typing # PyInstaller PYZ
import contextlib # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'contextlib' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'typing' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'importlib.abc' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'importlib.util' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import pkgutil # PyInstaller PYZ
# weakref not found in PYZ
import weakref # loaded from Zip /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/base_library.zip/weakref.pyc
import 'pkgutil' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'runpy' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import multiprocessing.util # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'atexit' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
import subprocess # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'pwd' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
# grp not found in PYZ
# extension module 'grp' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/grp.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module 'grp' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/grp.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import 'grp' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308ea4940>
# msvcrt not found in PYZ
# _posixsubprocess not found in PYZ
# extension module '_posixsubprocess' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_posixsubprocess.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module '_posixsubprocess' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/lib-dynload/_posixsubprocess.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import '_posixsubprocess' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308ea4a30>
import 'subprocess' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'multiprocessing.util' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import 'multiprocessing.spawn' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import multiprocessing.popen_fork # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'multiprocessing.popen_fork' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import multiprocessing.popen_spawn_posix # PyInstaller PYZ
import 'multiprocessing.popen_spawn_posix' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
import PyQt5 # PyInstaller PYZ
# possible namespace for /Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5
import 'PyQt5' # <pyimod03_importers.FrozenImporter object at 0x7fc3089c7a30>
# PyQt5.QtWidgets not found in PYZ
# PyQt5.sip not found in PYZ
# extension module 'PyQt5.sip' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/sip.cpython-39-darwin.so'
# extension module 'PyQt5.sip' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/sip.cpython-39-darwin.so'
import 'PyQt5.sip' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308ea4eb0>
# PyQt5.QtCore not found in PYZ
# extension module 'PyQt5.QtCore' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/QtCore.abi3.so'
# extension module 'PyQt5.QtCore' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/QtCore.abi3.so'
import 'PyQt5.QtCore' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308ebb100>
# PyQt5.QtGui not found in PYZ
# extension module 'PyQt5.QtGui' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/QtGui.abi3.so'
# extension module 'PyQt5.QtGui' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/QtGui.abi3.so'
import 'PyQt5.QtGui' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc30a8236a0>
# extension module 'PyQt5.QtWidgets' loaded from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/QtWidgets.abi3.so'
# extension module 'PyQt5.QtWidgets' executed from '/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/PyQt5/QtWidgets.abi3.so'
import 'PyQt5.QtWidgets' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x7fc308ea4c40>
Running in a Pyinstaller bundle.
sys.argv[]: ./FotoPDF
/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF/FotoPDF
/Users/ste/PycharmProjects/FotoPDF/dist/FotoPDF
THIS RUNS
zsh: segmentation fault  ./FotoPDF

Answer 1

暂时假设这不是 Pyinstaller 的错。

在this 帖子中，matplotlib 在 BigSur 更新后拒绝工作，直到重新安装。

在 BigSur 更新后，PyQt5 没有在 this 帖子中显示任何 GUI。

如果是 PyQt 的问题，那么修复应该是卸载并重新安装 PyQt5==5.15.2

pip uninstall PyQt5
pip install PyQt5== 5.15.2

然后设置

os.environ['QT_MAC_WANTS_LAYER'] = '1'

一位用户还说回滚到PyQt5==5.12.0 解决了他的问题，所以不妨试试。 如果问题出在 PyQt5 上，您也可以切换到 PySide2，这是 Qt5 的另一个绑定

如果问题出在 PyInstaller 上，您可以查看替代方案。

Python 3.5+ 通过 zipapp 提供 zip 支持，更多关于 here 和 here 的信息，可以让您使用命令将 Python 程序归档到单个 .pyz 中

python -m zipapp myapp -m "myapp:main"

此命令在启动存档时从模块 myapp 运行主函数。可以简单地运行-

python myapp.pyz

还有py2app，它类似于 pyinstaller，但特定于 macOS。