发现 MSTest 框架测试期间的类型加载异常

Question

最近，当我们尝试使用 Jenkins 的 MSTest 运行测试时，我们收到了“TargetInvocationException”错误。今天我从 MSTest 切换到 VsTest.Console.exe，虽然我能够得到更详细的错误消息，但问题是一样的。

我在 Google 上找不到任何可能导致此异常的迹象。如果我理解正确，那么异常不是来自我们的测试，而是来自 MSTest 框架。

TpTrace Warning: 0 : 10032, 3, 2018/10/31, 15:22:23.137, 54721019933, testhost.x86.exe, TestSettings will soon be deprecated for automated unit and functional testing scenarios. It is recommended that you use RunSettings. To learn more, see http://aka.ms/runsettings
    TpTrace Verbose: 0 : 10032, 3, 2018/10/31, 15:22:23.137, 54721020301, testhost.x86.exe, TestRequestHandler.SendData:  sending data from testhost: {"Version":2,"MessageType":"TestSession.Message","Payload":{"MessageLevel":1,"Message":"TestSettings will soon be deprecated for automated unit and functional testing scenarios. It is recommended that you use RunSettings. To learn more, see http://aka.ms/runsettings"}}
    TpTrace Error: 0 : 10032, 3, 2018/10/31, 15:22:23.256, 54721419216, testhost.x86.exe, TmiDiscoveryRequest: Error occured while discovering tests from source F:\Jenkins\Workspace\[...]\My.dll. System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---> System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestTypes.Unit.UnitTestExtensionInfo' threw an exception. ---> System.TypeLoadException: Could not load type 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.Common.TestTypesXml' from assembly 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.QualityTools.Common, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'.
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestTypes.Unit.UnitTestExtensionInfo..cctor()
       --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestTypes.Unit.UnitTestExtensionInfo.GetExtensionNames(IWarningHandler warningHandler)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestTypes.Unit.UnitTestTip.InitializeExtensions()
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestTypes.Unit.UnitTestTip..ctor(ITmi tmiInstance)
       --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
       at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[] arguments, Signature sig, Boolean constructor)
       at System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo.Invoke(BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture)
       at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceImpl(BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes, StackCrawlMark& stackMark)
       at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes)
       at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Object[] args)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestManagement.TipDelayLoader.LoadTip()
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestManagement.TipDelayLoader.GetTip()
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestManagement.Tmi.GetTipsFromTestTypeInfos(IList`1 infos)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestManagement.Tmi.LoadTestsFromTipsHelper(IEnumerable`1 locations, ProjectData projectData)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestManagement.Tmi.LoadTests(IEnumerable`1 locations, ProjectData projectData, TestConflictHandler vetoingHandler)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestManagement.Tmi.LoadTests(String location, ProjectData projectData, TestConflictHandler vetoingHandler)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestManagement.Tmi.LoadTests(String location, ProjectData projectData)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.Extensions.TmiHelper.TmiDiscoveryRequest.DiscoverTests(String source, Tmi tmi)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.Extensions.TmiHelper.TmiDiscoveryRequest.DiscoverTests(IEnumerable`1 sources, Tmi tmi)
TpTrace Information: 0 : 10032, 3, 2018/10/31, 15:22:23.257, 54721419815, testhost.x86.exe, TestDiscoveryManager.RunMessage: calling TestRunMessage(Warning, Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.) callback.
TpTrace Warning: 0 : 10032, 3, 2018/10/31, 15:22:23.257, 54721420131, testhost.x86.exe, Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.

我的想法是这个错误是在 Visual Studio 更新之后出现的，但我不能肯定地确认它。我们在 Jenkins 机器上使用 Visual Studio Community 2017 15.8.8。从 VS 运行测试不是问题。另外值得一提的是，我们仍然使用 TestSettings 并且在开始时会收到以下警告消息：

Test run will use DLL(s) built for framework .NETFramework,Version=v4.5 and platform X86. Following DLL(s) do not match framework/platform settings.
SPManagerTests.dll is built for Framework 4.5.2 and Platform AnyCPU.

但我发现这些并不是那么重要。

知道如何继续解决吗？

Answer 1

今天回过头来发现问题如下：

• 当我没有指定 .testsettings 文件时，VsTest.Console.exe 可以执行测试
• 当我尝试迁移到 .runsettings 时，我收到了类似的错误消息，我在 Google 上搜索过：

Method not found: 'Void Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.Common.TestRunConfiguration.AddTestSettingsProperties(System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2<System.String,System.Object>)'.

• 原来应该在三月份修复的there is an issue with the VS Remote Tools 2017，但问题显然没有修复

如果您遇到同样的问题，那么只需卸载 Visual Studio 远程工具。这解决了这两个问题。在那之前，我会尝试重新打开 MS 的问题。

Answer 2

对于需要能够在目标机器上进行远程调试和运行测试的任何人，执行以下步骤将克服此错误：

1. 从 KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Installer\Assemblies\Global 中删除 Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.Common 条目的条目

2. 运行“gacutil /u Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.Common”

需要第 1 步才能将其从 GAC 中删除。安装 VS Remote Tools 2017 会将有问题的 dll 添加到 GAC，这是运行测试所需的不同版本。