原因是call_user_func_array 有开销。它具有额外的函数调用的开销。通常这是在微秒范围内,但在两种情况下它会变得很重要:
-
递归函数调用
由于它正在向堆栈添加另一个调用,它将使堆栈使用量增加一倍。因此,您可能会遇到问题(与 xdebug 或内存限制有关),如果您用完堆栈,这将导致您的应用程序崩溃。在应用程序(或部分)中,使用这种风格的方法可以减少多达 33% 的堆栈使用量(这可能是应用程序运行和崩溃之间的差异)
-
性能
如果您经常调用该函数,那么这些微秒可能会显着增加。由于这是在一个框架中(看起来像是由Lithium 完成的),它可能会在应用程序的生命周期中被调用数十次、数百次甚至数千次。因此,即使每次调用都是微优化,效果也会显着增加。
所以是的,您可以移除开关并将其替换为call_user_func_array,它的功能将 100% 相同。但是你会失去上面提到的两个优化好处。
编辑并证明性能差异:
我决定自己做一个基准测试。这是我使用的确切来源的链接:
http://codepad.viper-7.com/s32CSb(也包含在此答案的底部以供参考)
现在,我在 Linux 系统、windows 系统和键盘的站点上测试了它(2 个命令行,1 个在线,1 个启用 XDebug)全部运行 5.3.6 或 5.3.8
结论
由于结果比较长,我先总结一下。
如果您经常调用它,那么它不是执行此操作的微优化。当然,一个单独的电话是微不足道的差异。但是如果经常使用的话,可以节省不少时间。
现在,值得注意的是,除了其中一项测试之外,所有测试都在 XDebug 关闭 的情况下运行。这一点非常重要,因为 xdebug 似乎会显着改变基准测试的结果。
以下是原始结果:
Linux
With 0 Arguments:
test1 in 0.0898239612579 Seconds
test2 in 0.0540208816528 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.118539094925 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.0492739677429 Seconds
With 1 Arguments:
test1 in 0.0997269153595 Seconds
test2 in 0.053689956665 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.137704849243 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.0436580181122 Seconds
With 2 Arguments:
test1 in 0.0883569717407 Seconds
test2 in 0.0551269054413 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.115921974182 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.0550417900085 Seconds
With 3 Arguments:
test1 in 0.0809321403503 Seconds
test2 in 0.0630970001221 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.124716043472 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.0640230178833 Seconds
With 4 Arguments:
test1 in 0.0859131813049 Seconds
test2 in 0.0723040103912 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.137611865997 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.0707349777222 Seconds
With 5 Arguments:
test1 in 0.109707832336 Seconds
test2 in 0.122457027435 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.201376914978 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.217674016953 Seconds
(我实际上跑了十几次,结果一致)。因此,您可以清楚地看到,在该系统上,将开关用于具有 3 个或更少参数的函数要快得多。对于 4 个参数,它足够接近,可以作为微优化。对于 5,它更慢(由于 switch 语句的开销)。
现在,对象是另一回事。对于对象,即使有 4 个参数,使用 switch 语句也明显更快。并且 5 参数稍微慢一些。
窗口
With 0 Arguments:
test1 in 0.078088998794556 Seconds
test2 in 0.040416955947876 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.092448949813843 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.044382095336914 Seconds
With 1 Arguments:
test1 in 0.084033012390137 Seconds
test2 in 0.049020051956177 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.098193168640137 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.055608987808228 Seconds
With 2 Arguments:
test1 in 0.092596054077148 Seconds
test2 in 0.059282064437866 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.10753011703491 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.06486701965332 Seconds
With 3 Arguments:
test1 in 0.10003399848938 Seconds
test2 in 0.073707103729248 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.11481595039368 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.072822093963623 Seconds
With 4 Arguments:
test1 in 0.10518193244934 Seconds
test2 in 0.076627969741821 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.1221661567688 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.080114841461182 Seconds
With 5 Arguments:
test1 in 0.11016392707825 Seconds
test2 in 0.14898705482483 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.13080286979675 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.15970706939697 Seconds
再一次,就像在 Linux 中一样,除了 5 个参数(这是预期的)之外,它在所有情况下都更快。所以这里没有什么不正常的。
键盘
With 0 Arguments:
test1 in 0.094165086746216 Seconds
test2 in 0.046183824539185 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.088129043579102 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.046132802963257 Seconds
With 1 Arguments:
test1 in 0.093621969223022 Seconds
test2 in 0.054486036300659 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.11912703514099 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.053775072097778 Seconds
With 2 Arguments:
test1 in 0.099776029586792 Seconds
test2 in 0.072152853012085 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.10576200485229 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.065294027328491 Seconds
With 3 Arguments:
test1 in 0.11053204536438 Seconds
test2 in 0.088426113128662 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.11045718193054 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.073081970214844 Seconds
With 4 Arguments:
test1 in 0.11662006378174 Seconds
test2 in 0.085783958435059 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.11683893203735 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.081549882888794 Seconds
With 5 Arguments:
test1 in 0.12763905525208 Seconds
test2 in 0.15642619132996 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.12538290023804 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.16010403633118 Seconds
这显示了与 Linux 相同的情况。使用 4 个或更少的参数,通过 switch 运行它会明显更快。使用 5 个参数,使用 switch 会明显变慢。
带有 XDebug 的窗口
With 0 Arguments:
test1 in 0.31674790382385 Seconds
test2 in 0.31161189079285 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.40747404098511 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.32526516914368 Seconds
With 1 Arguments:
test1 in 0.32827591896057 Seconds
test2 in 0.33025598526001 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.38013815879822 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.3494348526001 Seconds
With 2 Arguments:
test1 in 0.33168315887451 Seconds
test2 in 0.35207295417786 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.37523794174194 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.38242697715759 Seconds
With 3 Arguments:
test1 in 0.33901619911194 Seconds
test2 in 0.36867690086365 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.41470503807068 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.3860080242157 Seconds
With 4 Arguments:
test1 in 0.35170817375183 Seconds
test2 in 0.39288783073425 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.39424705505371 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.39747595787048 Seconds
With 5 Arguments:
test1 in 0.37077689170837 Seconds
test2 in 0.59246301651001 Seconds
testObj1 in 0.41220307350159 Seconds
testObj2 in 0.60260510444641 Seconds
现在这讲述了一个不同的故事。在这种启用 XDebug 的情况下(但没有覆盖分析,只是打开了扩展),使用开关优化几乎总是更慢。这很奇怪,因为许多基准测试都是在启用 xdebug 的开发盒上运行的。然而,生产盒通常不使用 xdebug 运行。因此,这是在适当环境中执行基准的纯粹教训。
来源
<?php
function benchmark($callback, $iterations, $args) {
$st = microtime(true);
$callback($iterations, $args);
$et = microtime(true);
$time = $et - $st;
return $time;
}
function test() {
}
function test1($iterations, $args) {
$func = 'test';
for ($i = 0; $i < $iterations; $i++) {
call_user_func_array($func, $args);
}
}
function test2($iterations, $args) {
$func = 'test';
for ($i = 0; $i < $iterations; $i++) {
switch (count($args)) {
case 0:
$func();
break;
case 1:
$func($args[0]);
break;
case 2:
$func($args[0], $args[1]);
break;
case 3:
$func($args[0], $args[1], $args[2]);
break;
case 4:
$func($args[0], $args[1], $args[2], $args[3]);
break;
default:
call_user_func_array($func, $args);
}
}
}
class Testing {
public function test() {
}
public function test1($iterations, $args) {
for ($i = 0; $i < $iterations; $i++) {
call_user_func_array(array($this, 'test'), $args);
}
}
public function test2($iterations, $args) {
$func = 'test';
for ($i = 0; $i < $iterations; $i++) {
switch (count($args)) {
case 0:
$this->$func();
break;
case 1:
$this->$func($args[0]);
break;
case 2:
$this->$func($args[0], $args[1]);
break;
case 3:
$this->$func($args[0], $args[1], $args[2]);
break;
case 4:
$this->$func($args[0], $args[1], $args[2], $args[3]);
break;
default:
call_user_func_array(array($this, $func), $args);
}
}
}
}
function testObj1($iterations, $args) {
$obj = new Testing;
$obj->test1($iterations, $args);
}
function testObj2($iterations, $args) {
$obj = new Testing;
$obj->test2($iterations, $args);
}
$iterations = 100000;
$results = array('test1' => array(), 'test2' => array(), 'testObj1' => array(), 'testObj2' => array());
foreach ($results as $callback => &$result) {
$args = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < 6; $i++) {
$result[$i] = benchmark($callback, $iterations, $args);
$args[] = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
}
}
unset($result);
$merged = array(0 => array(), 1 => array(), 2 => array(), 3 => array(), 4 => array());
foreach ($results as $callback => $result) {
foreach ($result as $args => $time) {
$merged[$args][$callback] = $time;
}
}
foreach ($merged as $args => $matrix) {
echo "With $args Arguments:<br />";
foreach ($matrix as $callback => $time) {
echo "$callback in $time Seconds<br />";
}
echo "<br />";
}