我们如何将 excel 文件导入 Sql server 表，其中 excel 表列不按 Sql 表顺序排列

Question

我有一个 Excel 文件，其工作表名称与 SQL 表名称相同，但列映射失败，因为两者具有相同的列但列的顺序不同，请帮助我。

Answer 1

已编辑：最后添加了另一个示例。

实现您所要求的许多方法之一是将工作表作为数据表导入 c#，然后使用 SqlBulkCopy (SqlBulkCopy (MSDN)) 插入数据。这种方法更适合大文件，因为 SqlBulkCopy 使用批量插入命令。

对于第一步（将文件导入为数据表），您有许多选项，例如使用 OLEDB 用于 xls 或 xlsx（您可以使用我的示例或其他示例，例如 this link 或 this），使用第三方库，例如作为easyxls。

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; 

namespace WindowsApplication1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection MyConnection ;
                System.Data.DataSet DtSet ;
                System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter MyCommand ;
                MyConnection = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source='c:\\csharp.net-informations.xls';Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;");
                MyCommand = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter("select * from [Sheet1$]", MyConnection);
                MyCommand.TableMappings.Add("Table", "TestTable");
                DtSet = new System.Data.DataSet();
                MyCommand.Fill(DtSet);
                dataGridView1.DataSource = DtSet.Tables[0];
                MyConnection.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show (ex.ToString());
            }
        }
   }
}

在第二步之后，您可以使用带有列映射的 SQLBulkCopy 将 dataTable 列映射到您的数据库表列。

using System.Data.SqlClient;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string connectionString = GetConnectionString();
        // Open a sourceConnection to the AdventureWorks database.
        using (SqlConnection sourceConnection =
                   new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        {
            sourceConnection.Open();

            // Perform an initial count on the destination table.
            SqlCommand commandRowCount = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " +
                "dbo.BulkCopyDemoDifferentColumns;",
                sourceConnection);
            long countStart = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Starting row count = {0}", countStart);

            // Get data from the source table as a SqlDataReader.
            SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT ProductID, Name, " +
                "ProductNumber " +
                "FROM Production.Product;", sourceConnection);
            SqlDataReader reader =
                commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();

            // Set up the bulk copy object.
            using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy =
                       new SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))
            {
                bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
                    "dbo.BulkCopyDemoDifferentColumns";

                // Set up the column mappings by name.
                SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping mapID =
                    new SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping("ProductID", "ProdID");
                bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add(mapID);

                SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping mapName =
                    new SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping("Name", "ProdName");
                bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add(mapName);

                SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping mapMumber =
                    new SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping("ProductNumber", "ProdNum");
                bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add(mapMumber);

                // Write from the source to the destination.
                try
                {
                    bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                }
                finally
                {
                    // Close the SqlDataReader. The SqlBulkCopy
                    // object is automatically closed at the end
                    // of the using block.
                    reader.Close();
                }
            }

            // Perform a final count on the destination 
            // table to see how many rows were added.
            long countEnd = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Ending row count = {0}", countEnd);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were added.", countEnd - countStart);
            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to finish.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    private static string GetConnectionString()
        // To avoid storing the sourceConnection string in your code, 
        // you can retrieve it from a configuration file. 
    {
        return "Data Source=(local); " +
            " Integrated Security=true;" +
            "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;";
    }
}

SqlBulkCopy 用法的另一个例子：

public bool CopyTransactionDataToTable(DataTable Dt, long ProductID)
    {

    try
    {
        SqlBulkCopy copy = new SqlBulkCopy(Adapter.GetActiveConnection().ConnectionString);
        Collection = mapping.LoadMappedNameEntityByProductID(ProductID);

        copy.ColumnMappings.Add("ProductID", "ProductID");
        copy.ColumnMappings.Add("ResellerID", "ResellerID");
        copy.ColumnMappings.Add("Status", "Status");
        copy.ColumnMappings.Add("PK_ID", "TxID");
        copy.DestinationTableName = "TBLProdect";
        copy.BulkCopyTimeout = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings.Get(UIConstants.SQLTimeOut).ToInt32();
        copy.WriteToServer(Dt);
        Adapter.CommandTimeOut = copy.BulkCopyTimeout;
        return true;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Log.Error(ex);
        return false;
    }
}

Answer 2

您没有说明您是否希望重复或编程等 - 但其他两个选项是使用 SQL Server 数据导入/导出向导

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms141209.aspx

另一种选择是使用 SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS)

http://www.sqlshack.com/using-ssis-packages-import-ms-excel-data-database/